Difference between revisions of "Human Practices/Introduction"

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<h1>Introduction</h1>
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    <h1>Introduction</h1>
  
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    <p><span class="on_page"></span><b>On this page</b> you will find:
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    <a href="#connecting">connecting your project to the wider world</a>,
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    <a href="#hp_cycle">The Human Practices Cycle</a>,
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    <a href="#working_with_humans">working with humans</a>, and
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    <a href="#hub">Human Practices Hub</a>.
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    </p>
  
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<p><span class="on_page"></span><b>On this page</b> you will find:
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<a href="#questions">Questions you might consider</a>,
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    <h3>What is Human Practices?</h3>
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<a href="#getting_started">Getting Started</a>, and
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<a href="#hub">Human Practices Hub</a>.
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        <p>
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            "Human Practices is the study of how your work affects the world, and how the world affects your
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            work." <br> — Peter Carr, Director of Judging
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        Using synthetic biology to address real-world problems requires thoughtful engagement with the world. In iGEM, we call this engagement <b>Human Practices</b>. We ask every team to think deeply and creatively about whether their project is <b>responsible</b> and <b>good for the world</b>.
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<h3>What is Human Practices?</h3>
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        Human Practices is not any specific activity or set of activities. While the most successful iGEM teams (see <a href="https://2021.igem.org/Human_Practices/Examples">Exemplary Projects</a>) will engage with Human Practices issues throughout their project lifecycle, this engagement can take many shapes, reflecting the diverse contexts and intentions of iGEM projects.
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<p>
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    </p>
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"Human Practices is the study of how your work affects the world, and how the world affects your
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</div>      
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work." <br> — Peter Carr, Director of Judging
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<p>
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Which problems can synthetic biology best help to solve? The process of developing solutions to
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real-world problems in ways that are socially responsible, sustainable, safe, and inclusive, is
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what we call Human Practices.
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</p>
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<p>
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These issues are complex, and real-world problems don’t have a single or simple answer, so Human
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Practices work requires looking beyond the lab. Inviting stakeholder input, building
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interdisciplinary collaborations, and understanding relevant regulations and codes of conduct are just
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a few ways to begin developing a responsible and impactful research project. Stakeholders can have
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different and sometimes conflicting values that can be equally valid.
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</p>
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<p>
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Human Practices therefore requires you to think critically, be able to appreciate different views, and to
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co-develop solutions that best serve the concerned communities. By reaching out to and learning from
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diverse communities, iGEM teams are also creating opportunities for broader publics to help shape the
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practice of synthetic biology.
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</p>
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/5/5a/Humanpractices_getting_started.svg" height="150px">
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    <h2>Connecting your project to the wider world</h2>
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</div>
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    <p>
  
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        Your team should aim to to interrogate and demonstrate how your iGEM project connects to the wider world. Creating feedback loops between your synthetic biology project and the world in which it exists involves <i>Reflection</i>, <i>Responsibility</i> and <i>Responsiveness</i>. Below are some questions to help you get started.
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<h2>Questions you might consider</h2>
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        <h3>Reflection</h3>
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Human Practices involves investigating what it would mean for your project to be <b>responsible
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</b> and <b>good for the world</b>. Here are some questions you might consider:
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</p>
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<h3>Responsible</h3>
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    <div class="column three_quarter_size">
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<ul>
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        <p>
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<li>
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            Think carefully about your inspirations and goals. Remember to reflect throughout your project and not just at the start or the end!
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How might your team’s solution to one problem lead to other problems
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        </p>
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(e.g. social/political/ecological)? Could your project be misused?
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        <ul>
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</li>
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            <li>What values—environmental, social, moral, scientific, or other—inspired your project?</li>
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<li>
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            <li>How did you decide which needs or values to prioritize in your design? What compromises did you choose to make and why?</li>
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How can your team anticipate and minimise the impact of these concerns?
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            <li>Did you reach your initial goals or did you have to adjust them?</li>
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</li>
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            <li>How does your approach compare to alternative solutions to the same or similar problems, including approaches outside of synthetic biology and biotechnology?</li>
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<li>
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        </ul>
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What’s your plan to inform and work with relevant authorities or stakeholders of potential risks
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    </div>
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related to your project?
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</li>
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<li>
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How might current policies and regulations apply to your project? Are they sufficient, and if not, how
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might they be changed?
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</li>
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<li>
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How does the iGEM community expect your team to be safe and responsible, both inside and outside of the
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lab?
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>Good</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>
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In what ways might your project benefit society?
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</li>
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<li>
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Which communities may be most interested or most affected by your project?
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</li>
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<li>
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Which communities may be left out or negatively impacted if your project succeeds?
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</li>
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<li>
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How might you get feedback on the viability and desirability of your approach? How will you adapt your
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project based on this feedback?
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<li>
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How might your approach compare to alternative solutions to the same or similar problems (including
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approaches outside of biotechnology)?
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</li>
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</ul>
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        <h3>Responsibility</h3>
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    </div>
  
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    <div class="column three_quarter_size">
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        <p>
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            Do your work in a way that reflects iGEM values like respect, honesty, fairness, accountability, community, safety and security. Know the limits of your abilities and realize where, when, and how other people’s knowledge or values should be considered.
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        </p>
 +
        <ul>
 +
            <li>Could your project be misused? Could your team’s solution to one problem create other problems?</li>
 +
            <li>How does the iGEM community expect your team to be safe and responsible, both inside and outside of the lab?</li>
 +
            <li>Which communities will be most interested in or most affected by your project?</li>
 +
            <li>Which communities will be left out or negatively impacted if your project succeeds?</li>
 +
        </ul>
 +
    </div>
  
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    <div class="column quarter_size">
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        <h3>Responsiveness</h3>
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    </div>
  
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    <div class="column three_quarter_size">
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<h2>Getting Started with Human Practices</h2>
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        <p>
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<p>
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            Create and seize opportunities to learn about the world outside the lab, then use that knowledge to re-imagine your innovations to do good. Responsiveness requires ongoing iteration and interaction to continuously improve your approach.
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Human Practices activities take many shapes and forms. In trying to develop projects that are responsible
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        </p>
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and good for the world, iGEM teams must look beyond their lab.
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        <ul>
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</p>
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            <li>Which resources or communities should you consult to ensure you are prioritizing appropriate values in the context of your project?</li>
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</div>
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            <li>How might you get feedback on the feasibility and desirability of your approach? </li>
 +
            <li>How can your team “close the loop” between your design and what is desired?</li>
 +
            <li>How can you use your Human Practices work to inform your team’s ethical, technical, safety and/or communication decisions?</li>
 +
        </ul>
 +
    </div>
  
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<div class="column third_size">
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</div>
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/f/fc/HP_intro_stakeholders.jpg">
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<p class="image_caption">A team visiting industry stakeholders</p>
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</div>
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/6/65/HP_intro_stakeholders2.jpg">
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<p class="image_caption"> A team speaking with potential users</p>
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</div>
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<div class="clear extra_space" id="hp_cycle"></div>
  
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<div class="column third_size">
 
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/e/ed/Hp_introduction.jpg">
 
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<p class="image_caption">After iGEM Delegates visiting the United Nations</p>
 
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<div class="column full_size">
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<h3>Teams have:</h3>
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    <h2>The Human Practices Cycle</h2>
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<ul>
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    <p>
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<li>
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        Before you pick up your first pipette, you should think about Human Practices. Human Practices can be integrated into every step of <a href="https://2021.igem.org/Resources/Navigating_iGEM">the iGEM cycle</a>.
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interviewed stakeholders who might make use of their work, like farmers, fashion designers, and factory
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    </p>
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workers
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    <p>
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</li>
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        These Human Practices activities take many shapes and forms. In addition to the Integrated Human Practices work described here, many teams conduct education and public engagement activities that are not directly related to their iGEM project. You can read more about the difference between Integrated Human Practices and Public Engagement in the <a href="https://2021.igem.org/Human_Practices/FAQ">Frequently Asked Questions</a>.
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<li>
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    </p>
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conducted environmental impact analyses
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</div>
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</li>
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<div class="column two_third_size">
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<li>
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    <a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/f/f6/HP_introduction_cycle.svg">
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created museum exhibits and creative public engagement activities
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        <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/f/f6/HP_introduction_cycle.svg" height="450px">
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</li>
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    </a>
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<li>
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</div>
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written intellectual property guides
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</li>
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<li>
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facilitated "white hat" biosecurity investigations
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</li>
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<li>
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held forums with local legislators
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</li>
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<li>
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spoken at the United Nations
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</li>
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<li>
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developed tools to help other teams examine questions of ethics and responsibility
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</li>
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<li>
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and much more!
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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Through these activities teams have engaged with topics and issues including ethics, safety, risk
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assessment, environmental impact, social justice, product design, scale-up and deployment, public policy,
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law and regulation, and much more. In each case these activities have helped to shape the goals, execution
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and communication of their projects.
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</p>
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    <h3>Forming a team and choosing your project</h3>
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    <div class="column third_size">
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        <h4>Build a diverse team</h4>
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        <p>
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            Get multidisciplinary: consider bringing ethicists, social scientists, designers, law students, and business students onto your team. The 2018 Grand Prize winners, <a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Valencia_UPV/GraphicDesign">Valencia UPV</a>, were able to develop an advanced  bio-printer product in part because of the designers on their team.
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        </p>
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    </div>
  
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    <div class="column third_size">
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<h2>The Human Practices Hub</h2>
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        <h4>Explore context</h4>
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<p>
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        <p>
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We’ve put together this Human Practices hub to help you with your work. You can:
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            Look for real problems to solve. Then explore the <b>communities, institutions, or individuals affected by the problems</b> that you want to work on. Who might benefit from your project? Who might be opposed to it? Begin contacting them to understand your project’s context.
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</p>
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        </p>
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<ul>
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    </div>
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<li>
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Learn <a href="https://2021.igem.org/Human_Practices/How_to_Succeed">how to succeed</a> by
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    <div class="column third_size">
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incorporating Human Practices into every stage of your project
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        <h4>Brainstorm Broadly</h4>
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</li>
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        <p>
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<li>
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            Human Practices is a natural part of the project brainstorming. Think about <b>what impacts you want to have</b> on the world. What activities can you plan to gather evidence about how your work will affect the world? Who has worked on similar ideas before?
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Watch our <a href="https://2021.igem.org/Human_Practices">introductory video</a>.
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        </p>
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</li>
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    </div>
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<li>
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Read the answers to <a href="https://2021.igem.org/Human_Practices/FAQ">Frequently Asked
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                                Questions</a> about Human Practices.
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</div>
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</li>
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</div>
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<li>
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Check out <a href="https://2021.igem.org/Human_Practices/Examples">exemplary projects</a> from
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previous years.
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</li>
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<div class="column full_size">
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<li>
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<div class="highlight gray">
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Explore <a href="https://2021.igem.org/Human_Practices/Resources">resources</a> that can help guide
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    <h3>Developing your project</h3>
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your thinking.
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    <div class="clear extra_space"></div>
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</li>
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<li>
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    <div class="column third_size">
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Learn about the <a href="https://2021.igem.org/Human_Practices/History">history</a> of Human Practices
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        <h4>Document Progress</h4>
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in synthetic biology and iGEM.
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        <p>
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</li>
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            Track the results of your Human Practices research in addition to your scientific or mathematical results. If you are collecting feedback from stakeholders, consider how to ensure your results are not biased and document your chosen methods. Consider looking for <a href="https://blog.igem.org/blog/2020/7/8/how-to-find-insights-from-social-science-research-related-to-your-project"></a>insights from social science research</a> related to your project. 
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<li>
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        </p>
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Contact the Human Practices <a href="https://2021.igem.org/Human_Practices/Committee">committee</a>
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    </div>
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with any remaining questions!
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    <div class="column third_size">
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</ul>
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        <h4>Integrate Insights</h4>
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</div>
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        <p>
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            You may find that other people have concerns about or objections to your project’s goals or the way you plan to achieve them. <b>Take this feedback seriously</b>— it may highlight important technical and social issues that you have missed. For example, when the <a href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Calgary/Human_Practices">2019 Calgary</a> team spoke to stakeholders, they learned that their initial plan to remove chlorophyll from canola oil only addressed a small set of the problems faced by the industry, and expanded their project to impact every stage of canola production.
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        </p>
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    </div>
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    <div class="column third_size">
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        <h4>Close the Loop</h4>
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        <p>
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            How will you close the loop between what is <i>designed</i> and what is <i>desired</i>? Many <a href="https://2021.igem.org/Human_Practices/Examples">Exemplary Projects</a> were redesigned after the team considered Human Practices issues. Remember that <b>engaging with stakeholders doesn’t happen in just one event</b>! As you develop your project, and respond to your Human Practices work, you will need to seek clarification and discuss new details.
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        </p>
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    <h3>Presenting your project</h3>
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    <div class="column third_size">
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        <h4>Present evidence</h4>
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        <p>
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            What evidence do you have to show that your project is responsible and good for the world? Reflect upon and respond to what you learn outside the lab. Construct evidence-based arguments in support of your team’s safety, ethical, and technical decisions. You can find many well-documented Human Practices efforts linked on the <a href="https://2021.igem.org/Human_Practices/Examples">Exemplary Projects</a> page.
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        </p>
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    </div>
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    <div class="column third_size">
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        <h4>Connect and Share</h4>
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        <p>
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            Think about the issues raised by your Human Practices work. What happened to those viewpoints after your first conversation? What about after your project is concluded? As you finish your project, consider not only re-connecting with those that you planned to help in the start, but <b>expanding to new individuals, institutions or communities</b> that may be interested in your work.
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        </p>
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    </div>
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    <div class="column third_size">
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        <h4>Carry It Forward</h4>
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        <p>
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            Carry forward what you’ve learned into new synthetic biology projects! Consult your own experiences as well as iGEMers’ past accomplishments and experiences (hint: you can <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=site%3Aigem.org+&oq=site%3Aigem.org">search all past team wikis</a>!). Document the setbacks you encountered so others can build on all your efforts. Help Human Practices progress in the iGEM community and beyond.
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        </p>
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    <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/f/fb/Safety_human_research.svg" height="150px" />
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</div>
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<div class="column three_quarter_size">
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    <h2>Human Practices involves working with humans</h2>
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    <p>
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        Successful Human Practices work will typically involve interacting with people outside of your team. This could include:
 +
    </p>
 +
    <ul>
 +
        <li>Informal conversations with professors or other people at your institution</li>
 +
        <li>Structured consultations with communities that might be affected by your work</li>
 +
        <li>
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            Visiting or touring places (industrial, governmental, or otherwise) where your work might have an impact
 +
        </li>
 +
        <li>Collecting information using a survey and presenting the data before judges</li>
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        <li>Public engagement with people who want to know more about synthetic biology</li>
 +
        <li>and much more!</li>
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    </ul>
 +
    <p>
 +
        Often, these activities are a form of <b>human subjects research</b>. In doing your research, you
 +
        should be mindful of how you interact with people outside of your team.
 +
    </p>
 +
    <p>
 +
        There are two iGEM policies that are directly relevant for human subjects research. One is the
 +
        <a href="https://2021.igem.org/Safety/Policies#human">No Human Experimentation</a> policy, which prohibits
 +
        teams from testing their products on humans. The other is the policy on
 +
        <a href="https://2021.igem.org/Safety/Policies#subjects">Human Subjects Research</a>, <strong>which includes
 +
        requirements for surveys, interviews and other types of engagements</strong>.
 +
    </p>
 +
    <p>
 +
        <strong>Your team must comply with all iGEM policies</strong>. Please <a href="https://2021.igem.org/Safety/Policies">review
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        the policies closely</a> as you design and conduct your HP work. Check out the
 +
        <a href="https://2021.igem.org/Human_Practices/Resources">Resources</a> page for information on getting
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    <h2>What next?</h2>
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        We’ve put together this Human Practices hub to help you with your work. You can:
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            Read the answers to <a href="https://2021.igem.org/Human_Practices/FAQ">Frequently Asked Questions</a> about Human Practices.
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            Check out <a href="https://2021.igem.org/Human_Practices/Examples">exemplary projects</a> from previous years.
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            Explore <a href="https://2021.igem.org/Human_Practices/Resources">resources</a> that can help guide your thinking.
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            Learn about the <a href="https://2021.igem.org/Human_Practices/History">history</a> of Human Practices in synthetic biology and iGEM.
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            Contact the Human Practices <a href="https://2021.igem.org/Human_Practices/Committee">committee</a> with any remaining questions!
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Latest revision as of 06:49, 21 May 2021

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Introduction

On this page you will find: connecting your project to the wider world, The Human Practices Cycle, working with humans, and Human Practices Hub.

What is Human Practices?

"Human Practices is the study of how your work affects the world, and how the world affects your work."
— Peter Carr, Director of Judging

Using synthetic biology to address real-world problems requires thoughtful engagement with the world. In iGEM, we call this engagement Human Practices. We ask every team to think deeply and creatively about whether their project is responsible and good for the world.

Human Practices is not any specific activity or set of activities. While the most successful iGEM teams (see Exemplary Projects) will engage with Human Practices issues throughout their project lifecycle, this engagement can take many shapes, reflecting the diverse contexts and intentions of iGEM projects.

Connecting your project to the wider world

Your team should aim to to interrogate and demonstrate how your iGEM project connects to the wider world. Creating feedback loops between your synthetic biology project and the world in which it exists involves Reflection, Responsibility and Responsiveness. Below are some questions to help you get started.

Reflection

Think carefully about your inspirations and goals. Remember to reflect throughout your project and not just at the start or the end!

  • What values—environmental, social, moral, scientific, or other—inspired your project?
  • How did you decide which needs or values to prioritize in your design? What compromises did you choose to make and why?
  • Did you reach your initial goals or did you have to adjust them?
  • How does your approach compare to alternative solutions to the same or similar problems, including approaches outside of synthetic biology and biotechnology?

Responsibility

Do your work in a way that reflects iGEM values like respect, honesty, fairness, accountability, community, safety and security. Know the limits of your abilities and realize where, when, and how other people’s knowledge or values should be considered.

  • Could your project be misused? Could your team’s solution to one problem create other problems?
  • How does the iGEM community expect your team to be safe and responsible, both inside and outside of the lab?
  • Which communities will be most interested in or most affected by your project?
  • Which communities will be left out or negatively impacted if your project succeeds?

Responsiveness

Create and seize opportunities to learn about the world outside the lab, then use that knowledge to re-imagine your innovations to do good. Responsiveness requires ongoing iteration and interaction to continuously improve your approach.

  • Which resources or communities should you consult to ensure you are prioritizing appropriate values in the context of your project?
  • How might you get feedback on the feasibility and desirability of your approach?
  • How can your team “close the loop” between your design and what is desired?
  • How can you use your Human Practices work to inform your team’s ethical, technical, safety and/or communication decisions?

The Human Practices Cycle

Before you pick up your first pipette, you should think about Human Practices. Human Practices can be integrated into every step of the iGEM cycle.

These Human Practices activities take many shapes and forms. In addition to the Integrated Human Practices work described here, many teams conduct education and public engagement activities that are not directly related to their iGEM project. You can read more about the difference between Integrated Human Practices and Public Engagement in the Frequently Asked Questions.

Forming a team and choosing your project

Build a diverse team

Get multidisciplinary: consider bringing ethicists, social scientists, designers, law students, and business students onto your team. The 2018 Grand Prize winners, Valencia UPV, were able to develop an advanced bio-printer product in part because of the designers on their team.

Explore context

Look for real problems to solve. Then explore the communities, institutions, or individuals affected by the problems that you want to work on. Who might benefit from your project? Who might be opposed to it? Begin contacting them to understand your project’s context.

Brainstorm Broadly

Human Practices is a natural part of the project brainstorming. Think about what impacts you want to have on the world. What activities can you plan to gather evidence about how your work will affect the world? Who has worked on similar ideas before?

Developing your project

Document Progress

Track the results of your Human Practices research in addition to your scientific or mathematical results. If you are collecting feedback from stakeholders, consider how to ensure your results are not biased and document your chosen methods. Consider looking for insights from social science research related to your project.

Integrate Insights

You may find that other people have concerns about or objections to your project’s goals or the way you plan to achieve them. Take this feedback seriously— it may highlight important technical and social issues that you have missed. For example, when the 2019 Calgary team spoke to stakeholders, they learned that their initial plan to remove chlorophyll from canola oil only addressed a small set of the problems faced by the industry, and expanded their project to impact every stage of canola production.

Close the Loop

How will you close the loop between what is designed and what is desired? Many Exemplary Projects were redesigned after the team considered Human Practices issues. Remember that engaging with stakeholders doesn’t happen in just one event! As you develop your project, and respond to your Human Practices work, you will need to seek clarification and discuss new details.

Presenting your project

Present evidence

What evidence do you have to show that your project is responsible and good for the world? Reflect upon and respond to what you learn outside the lab. Construct evidence-based arguments in support of your team’s safety, ethical, and technical decisions. You can find many well-documented Human Practices efforts linked on the Exemplary Projects page.

Connect and Share

Think about the issues raised by your Human Practices work. What happened to those viewpoints after your first conversation? What about after your project is concluded? As you finish your project, consider not only re-connecting with those that you planned to help in the start, but expanding to new individuals, institutions or communities that may be interested in your work.

Carry It Forward

Carry forward what you’ve learned into new synthetic biology projects! Consult your own experiences as well as iGEMers’ past accomplishments and experiences (hint: you can search all past team wikis!). Document the setbacks you encountered so others can build on all your efforts. Help Human Practices progress in the iGEM community and beyond.

Human Practices involves working with humans

Successful Human Practices work will typically involve interacting with people outside of your team. This could include:

  • Informal conversations with professors or other people at your institution
  • Structured consultations with communities that might be affected by your work
  • Visiting or touring places (industrial, governmental, or otherwise) where your work might have an impact
  • Collecting information using a survey and presenting the data before judges
  • Public engagement with people who want to know more about synthetic biology
  • and much more!

Often, these activities are a form of human subjects research. In doing your research, you should be mindful of how you interact with people outside of your team.

There are two iGEM policies that are directly relevant for human subjects research. One is the No Human Experimentation policy, which prohibits teams from testing their products on humans. The other is the policy on Human Subjects Research, which includes requirements for surveys, interviews and other types of engagements.

Your team must comply with all iGEM policies. Please review the policies closely as you design and conduct your HP work. Check out the Resources page for information on getting started with informed consent, conducting focus groups, writing valid surveys, and more.

What next?

We’ve put together this Human Practices hub to help you with your work. You can:

Questions?

If you have questions or suggestions please check out the FAQ or email us at humanpractices [AT] igem [DOT] org

We love hearing from teams as they explore the Human Practices issues that arise during their iGEM season. Best of luck with your projects!

iGEM Foundation

The International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) Foundation is an independent, non-profit organization dedicated to the advancement of synthetic biology, education and competition, and the development of an open community and collaboration. Visit us at igem.org

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