<p>  Oxidative stress (OS) is defined as the intracellular biological imbalance between ROS (reactive oxygen species) and antioxidants, leading to the dysregulation of redox signaling pathways. Both neuronal OS and intestinal OS could lead to the occurrence of CSID. The following are physiological effects caused by excessive ROS<sup>[<a href="#ref3">3</a>]</sup>:</p>
<p>  Oxidative stress (OS) is defined as the intracellular biological imbalance between ROS (reactive oxygen species) and antioxidants, leading to the dysregulation of redox signaling pathways. Both neuronal OS and intestinal OS could lead to the occurrence of CSID. The following are physiological effects caused by excessive ROS<sup>[<a href="#ref3">3</a>]</sup>:</p>
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<li>Excessive oxidative stress can induce neuronal inflammation, which often leads to abnormal brain function in patients with depression<sup>[<a href="#ref5">5</a>]</sup>.</li>
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<li><b>Excessive oxidative stress</b> can induce neuronal inflammation, which often leads to abnormal brain function in patients with depression<sup>[<a href="#ref5">5</a>]</sup>.</li>
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<li>Chronic intestinal inflammation is strongly related to increased ROS, composed of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical, which leads to depressive symptoms through the gut-brain axis.</li>
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<li>Chronic intestinal inflammation is strongly related to increased ROS, composed of <b>superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical</b>, which leads to depressive symptoms through the gut-brain axis.</li>
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<p><b>  To sum up, depression is highly correlated with inflammatory response and oxidative stress. </b> However, current medication cannot effectively deal with CSID due to its difficult detection. Therefore, we try to utilize a novel synthetic biological approach to deal with this problem. After surfing previous research, <b>we found that ROS and IFN-γ are two potential biomarkers of CSID.</b> As for taurine, a kind of amino acid, it has both anti-inflammatory and ROS-scavenging effects. As a result, we use these agents to develop our project.</p>
<p><b>  To sum up, depression is highly correlated with inflammatory response and oxidative stress. </b> However, current medication cannot effectively deal with CSID due to its difficult detection. Therefore, we try to utilize a novel synthetic biological approach to deal with this problem. After surfing previous research, <b>we found that ROS and IFN-γ are two potential biomarkers of CSID.</b> As for taurine, a kind of amino acid, it has both anti-inflammatory and ROS-scavenging effects. As a result, we use these agents to develop our project.</p>