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| + | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/9/97/T--Shanghai_HS_United--bg_1.png" alt=""> |
| + | <h1>Proof of Concept</h1> |
| + | </div> |
| + | |
| + | <!--内容--> |
| + | <div class="content-small"> |
| + | <section class="article p-t-54 p-b-54"> |
| + | <section class="en-indent-all"> |
| + | <h1 class="title">Concept</h1> |
| + | <p>Flavonoids are a large class of important plant secondary metabolites, which not only have good |
| + | pharmacological activities but also important nutritional factors. Its absorption, metabolism and |
| + | excretion are completed in the gastrointestinal tract. It plays a variety of physiological functions in |
| + | the gastrointestinal tract, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, regulating intestinal |
| + | flora, etc... (see figure 1)</p> |
| + | |
| + | <div class="img-container"> |
| + | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/5/56/T--Shanghai_HS_United--img_proof_of_concept_1.jpg" alt="" style="width: 80%"> |
| + | <span class="figure">Figure. 1 Schematic diagram of how flavonoids benefit the human body</span> |
| + | </div> |
| + | |
| + | <p>In recent years, a large number of studies have reported the digestion and absorption law of flavonoids |
| + | in the digestive tract, and aimed at the functional activity of flavonoids, they have been developed for |
| + | various new foods, drugs, and health products for digestive tract diseases. Based on this aim, we |
| + | designed to construct intestinal engineering probiotics to improve the absorption of drug and food |
| + | homologous flavonoids. </p> |
| + | |
| + | <div class="img-container"> |
| + | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/6/63/T--Shanghai_HS_United--img_proof_of_concept_2.jpg" alt="" style="width: 80%"> |
| + | <span class="figure">Figure. 2 Schematic diagram of FLR degrading flavonoids</span> |
| + | </div> |
| + | |
| + | <p>Our project inspiration came from a paper from Nature Communication written by Weihong Jiang Research |
| + | Group, CAS, they discovered a new alkene reductase - Flavone reductase (FLR) from Clostridium |
| + | orbiscindens. This enzyme can not only catalyze the degradation and transformation of flavonoids but |
| + | also has the same catalytic activity for flavonols, another kind of flavonoids. As said, this enzyme |
| + | also comes from intestinal bacteria, so we can also ensure the product of our experiments has high |
| + | practicability.</p> |
| + | |
| + | <p>In order to enhance the feasibility of our experiment, we chose chrysin, luteolin, diosmeti and apigenin |
| + | as samples for function tests based on the substrate spectrum analysis (see figure 3). </p> |
| + | |
| + | <div class="img-container m-t-12"> |
| + | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/c/c2/T--Shanghai_HS_United--img_proof_of_concept_3.jpg" alt="" style="width: 80%"> |
| + | <span class="figure">Figure 3 Substrate spectrum of flavonoids</span> |
| + | </div> |
| + | </section> |
| + | |
| + | <section> |
| + | <h1 class="title">Design and Proof</h1> |
| + | |
| + | <p>1. Firstly we will combine the pET28a vector and the FLR gene to build the pET28a-FLR plasmid then, put |
| + | it into E.coli in order to produce the engineered strain for the primary validation of our product |
| + | concept.</p> |
| + | |
| + | <div class="img-container m-t-18"> |
| + | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/1/13/T--Shanghai_HS_United--img_proof_of_concept_4.jpg" alt="" style="width: 70%"> |
| + | <span class="figure">Figure. 4 Flow chart of the engineered strain design</span> |
| + | </div> |
| + | |
| + | <p class="en-indent">In lab, we successfully constructed the plasmid and it was proved by colony PCR and |
| + | sequencing |
| + | result.</p> |
| + | |
| + | <p>2. In order to determine the performance of the FLR enzyme and the bacteria, we conducted two groups of |
| + | experiments with four kinds of flavonoids as previously said, chrysin, luteolin, diosmeti and apigenin. |
| + | All groups were given the initial concentration of the flavonoids as 10 mg/L and we measured the |
| + | concentration of these samples by hours to collect data.Each sample was guaranteed three replicates of |
| + | the enzyme activity test in order to gain more data to ensure the credibility of the result of our |
| + | experiment.</p> |
| + | |
| + | <p class="en-indent">The results are given in the following: </p> |
| + | |
| + | <div class="img-container m-t-18"> |
| + | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/d/d3/T--Shanghai_HS_United--img_proof_of_concept_5.jpg" alt="" style="width: 80%"> |
| + | <span class="figure">Figure 5. Bar graph of the enzyme activity test results</span> |
| + | </div> |
| + | |
| + | <div class="img-container m-t-18"> |
| + | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/2/24/T--Shanghai_HS_United--img_proof_of_concept_6.jpg" alt="" style="width: 80%"> |
| + | <span class="figure">Figure 6. Bar graph of the bacteria activity test results</span> |
| + | </div> |
| + | |
| + | <p class="en-indent">Above all, we could come to the conclusion that the FLR enzyme, as well as the |
| + | engineered E. coli, is capable of degrading various flavonoids with a certain universality and |
| + | practicability. In comparison, the degradability of FLR enzyme to these flavonoids could be ranked from |
| + | greatest to least as apigenin > chrysin > luteolin > diosmetin.</p> |
| + | </section> |
| + | |
| + | <section class="en-indent-all"> |
| + | <h1 class="title">Future Plan</h1> |
| + | |
| + | <div class="img-container m-t-18"> |
| + | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/f/f3/T--Shanghai_HS_United--img_proof_of_concept_7.jpg" alt="" style="width: 50%"> |
| + | <span class="figure">Figure 7. Design sketch of the FLR Yogurt</span> |
| + | </div> |
| + | |
| + | <p>We will probably try to add the FLR engineered bacteria into yogurt. Yogurt contains a large number of |
| + | lactic acid bacteria, which themselves belong to acidic substances. After use, they can promote |
| + | gastrointestinal peristalsis and food digestion. Yogurt helps in digesting food and FLR helps in |
| + | digesting flavonoids. By adding it, we could make a health-care yogurt which is great for human health |
| + | improvement.</p> |
| + | |
| + | <p>In order to achieve our final goal, there are several topics we will take into consideration, including |
| + | food safety standards,requirement of storage, recipe design, etc.</p> |
| + | </section> |
| + | |
| + | <section> |
| + | <h1 class="title">Reference</h1> |
| + | |
| + | <ol> |
| + | <li> |
| + | <p>Yang G , Hong S , Yang P , et al. Discovery of an ene-reductase for initiating flavone and |
| + | flavonol catabolism in gut bacteria[J]. Nature Communications.</p> |
| + | </li> |
| + | </ol> |
| + | </section> |
| + | </section> |
| + | </div> |
| + | |
| + | <!--Footer--> |
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| + | <div class="content"> |
| + | <hr> |
| + | <span>Email: xiaowenxuan0526@gmail.com; caroline.niujl@gmail.com</span> |
| + | <span>Wechat Official Account: FlavoneLabRouse</span> |
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