Team:IISER-Tirupati India
History Of Contraceptives
BCE
Spermicide
Advantages :The first written record of spermicide use is found in the Kahun Papyrus, an Egyptian document dating to 1850 BCE. It described a pessary of crocodile dung and fermented dough.
1838
Cervical Caps
Advantages : It does not affect future fertility for either the woman or the man. It is used only at the time of sexual intercourse and safe to use while breastfeeding
Disadvantages : The cervical cap does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
1930
Tubal Ligation
Advantages : There are no significant long-term side effects, permanent method
Disadvantages : ligation does not protect against STIs. There are possible surgery-related complications.
1968
Progestin-only Pills
Advantages : It has a high efficacy, independent of the act and timing of sexual intercourse and can be used for post-coital or emergency contraception
Disadvantages : It has to be taken daily at almost exactly the same time, so that its efficacy depends on the user’s memory. An increase in the risk of breast cancer. Development of follicular ovarian cysts and regular menstruation cannot be expected. Does not protect you against STIs.
1970
Intrauterine Methods
Advantages : The IUD is highly effective, having a failure rate of less than 6 percent in the first year of use.
Disadvantages : Major health risks that have been associated with IUD use include pelvic inflammatory disease, tubal infertility, septic abortion, spontaneous abortion, and uterine perforation.
1980
Barrier Methods
(Condoms, Diaphragms and Sponges)
Advantages : They may prevent transmission of sexually transmitted diseases, including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Disadvantages : The effectiveness of these methods is highly dependent on user motivation and compliance. As a result, average failure rates tend to be higher than for any other modern method of contraception.
2001
Vaginal Ring
Advantages : It is convenient to use, Ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer risks are lowered. The occurrence of ectopic pregnancy is lower.
Disadvantages : Increased risk of breast or liver cancer, breast enlargement and discharge, or severe breast tenderness. Hypertension may develop, Irregular bleeding or spotting,Vomiting and loss of appetite is seen. Significant increase in body weight and depression.
2002
Contraceptive Patch
Advantages : Highly effective if used properly,. applied only once a week and not in relation to intercourse, Doesn't detach with exposure to water or swea
Disadvantages : It does not provide protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. Interacts with some medications. The estrogen levels are higher with the patch than with other hormonal methods
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