Team:LZU-CHINA/Partnership

At the beginning of the experiment designed by LZU-CHINA, the experimental direction and purpose of NMU_China are very similar to ours. Therefore, a close long-term cooperative relationship has been established between two teams. Our project uses CRISPR-Cas13d technology to knock down the expression of ACE2 so as to inhibit the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells to reduce viral load. There is something in common with NMU_China's project to reduce viral load after virus infection. After each other's project introduction, we established human practice, model, experimental cooperation. The close communication and discussion between the two teams not only benefited each other, but also increased the friendship between the two teams.

Part.1 Experimental improvement

NMU_China → LZU-CHINA

NMU_China sent LZU-CHINA HEK293T cell line: After LZU-CHINA and NMU_China cooperated and discussed the experiment, they also carried out friendly mutual help. In the early stage of LZU-CHINA cell experiment, team members found that there was a problem of cell contamination in the process of cell culture in the process of subculture of HEK293T cells. Under the condition that the culture method was correct, it was finally determined that HEK293T cell source was contaminated by black glueworm. We have repeatedly changed the HEK293T cell source in different laboratories, but it has always been unable to solve the problem of black glueworm pollution. This setback also made our experiment once stalled. After communication with the NMU_China team, it was known that the NMU_China team also had HEK293T cell line to determine that there was no contamination of black glueworm and that it could be subcultured continuously. So NMU_China sent HEK293T cells by mailing to the LZU-CHINA team, and the LZU-CHINA team ensured that subsequent cell experiments were carried out smoothly by replacing cell lines.

LZU-CHINA → NMU_China

Ways to simulate the novel coronavirus: Knowing that both sides need to simulate the novel coronavirus, both sides summed up a series of pseudovirus packaging methods for both sides to choose the best packaging method according to their own experimental characteristics. LZU-CHINA team is concerned about the extensive application of Vesicular stomatitis Virus (VSV) vector in the study of viral particles invading host cells, identification of cell surface receptors mediating viral infection, screening of viral inhibitors and vaccine development. VSV vector can efficiently use the envelope protein of heterologous viruses for presudotypted. Recombinant VSV is a G glycoprotein gene deletion, which leads to VSV self-replication defects. G glycoprotein genes are usually replaced by reporter genes for the determination of viral transduction effect. Considering that the experiments designed by the NMU_China team need to infect macrophages and determine the subsequent virus clearance effect, and a large number of timely measurement of transduction effect is needed, the LZU-CHINA team suggested that the NMU_China team select VSV as the carrier, and replace the G glycoprotein gene with the luciferase reporter gene, so as to realize the process monitoring of the virus entering the host cells. At the same time, the summary of the pseudovirus packaging method can also provide reference for the future iGEM team. Finally, the LZU-CHINA team selected the lentivirus with higher exogenous gene expression as the vector, and NMU_China selected VSV as the vector.

Part.2 Human Practice

LZU-CHINA→NMU_China

Use of educational packages: In order to better popularize the knowledge related to synthetic biology and introduce the two therapies of LZU-CHINA and NMU_China, we have jointly produced an education package with NMU_China. The education package is mainly used to promote the iGEM competition, synthetic biology and the two therapies of the two teams. We have planned the contents of the education package for primary school, junior middle school and senior high school students according to different age groups. These include synthetic biology drawing manual, popular science video, etc. LZU-CHINA team, together with the Darwin Association of Lanzhou University and other teams, completed the later publicity and popularization.

NMU_China→LZU-CHINA

Research cell company: Because the cell therapy company in Lanzhou is limited, we hope NMU_China team conducted research interviews with some cell therapy companies in Shanghai, where their school is located, to evaluate our project. Through the investigation and interview of the NMU_China, we learned the problems that may be encountered in the future promotion of our project, which laid a foundation for the follow-up development of our project.

Part.3 Mathematical models
The students of LZU-CHINA and NMU_China teams in charge of modeling have conducted close exchanges and discussions. The models of the two teams have similarities in many aspects. In the first part of the LZU-CHINA model, the enzymatic reaction model is used to describe the reaction process, and the ordinary differential equation is used to express the change of the number of substances. It is very similar to the model used in the second part of NMU_China to describe the IL-6 signaling pathway, so we provide some information to describe the differential equation of enzymatic reaction and determine the equation constants.

NMU_China→LZU-CHINA

The LZU-CHINA second plate model uses a diffusion model to reflect the activation of immune cells. However, there is no support for relevant experimental data. In this regard, the NMU_China modeling group gives specific suggestions. Firstly, the initial value is changed by the method of Monte Carlo simulation, and the image is drawn. The change of activation effect with the initial value is observed, and the initial value with the maximum activation effect is finally obtained.

LZU-CHINA→NMU_China

In terms of the model conceptual design of both sides, members of both teams have many common ideas. Through continuous brainstorming and discussion, the members of the LZU-CHINA modeling group believed that a model similar to that reflecting the change of macrophage volume with IL-6 concentration could be preliminarily established to identify the starting point of macrophages and consider the proliferation of viruses and the increase or decrease of the volume in this process. When the number of phagocytes was analyzed, the basic reproduction number of the model (at the beginning of the disease, when all people were susceptible, the number of people infected by a patient during the average disease period) was less than 1, that is, the virus content decreased monotonously, and the concentration of IL-6 would change accordingly. The concentration of IL-6 when the phagocytes completed their work was indirectly calculated by the degree of virus clearance. With regard to the concentration of macrophages when inducing suicide, some limitations can be set in the model. For example, for Equation 1, the virus decay rate can be added to a function of the coefficient expression varying with the concentration of IL-6 to indicate the limitation of IL-6 concentration on the number of viruses.
………………………………………………………………………………… Equation 1
…………………………………………………………………………………………………… Virus concentration
…………………………………………………………………………………………IL-6 concentration function
……………………………………………………………………………………………………Virus growth rate
…………………………………………………………………………………………………Virus attenuation rate
LZU-CHINA provides new idea for NMU_China, finds a new constraint equation for viral load and IL-6, and makes the model design of the cooperative team more rigorous.