Team:GA State SW Jiaotong/Human Practices
Overview
Hair loss is a deeply personal issue to the individual experiencing this disorder. It can be damaging to self-esteem, and for many, dampen their confidence in many ways. With our project, we wanted to ensure that we use all the opportunities around us to gain a comprehensive insight into the need people have for this product and how it could help people from all communities, not just with hair loss but with the shortcomings associated with them as well. Therefore, we engaged with many individuals, going from professionals in the hair industries to doctors, to school and college students, professors, and researchers, and finally ending with individuals suffering from alopecia. We created surveys and questionnaires that they could complete at the end of our conversations, and through this process, we were able to confirm that our project would positively impact all communities once it reached completion.
Stage 1 Social Concern and Project Design
Survey and Analysis
More than 400 people took part in our questionnaire, which covered all age groups and had a relatively equal ratio of male and female. Statistics showed that nearly 1/3 of the respondents express a certain level of concern about hair loss, with 60% of people worry a lot about the hair loss problem, and 70 % have shown symptoms. More than 50% of the participants admitted that the hair loss problem did affect their psychological health. On the other hand, 60% of the participants admitted that they are under chronic stress, which is the cause for stress alopecia.
Fig1.Gender
Fig2.Satisfaction with existing treatment
Fig3. Whether you are under chronic stress
Fig4.The degree to which you are troubled by the hair loss
Among people who have had a professional diagnosis of their hair loss problem, androgenetic alopecia and stress alopecia account for most. However, nearly 60% of patients who have ever used hair loss treatments express their dissatisfaction with the effectiveness of existing treatment methods. In terms of the commonly employed drug delivery methods, smearing drugs received the highest acceptance, which reached 70%. Besides, oral medications got a 40% acceptance rate as well. And nearly 40% of the participants mentioned that they had used shampoos and essential oil for preventing hair loss.This survey gave our team an insight into the market demand for products treating alopecia and helped us improve our product design ideas.
Based on the results of survey, we can fine that more people like to choose the way to smear drugs or have oral drugs.
This survey gave our team an insight into the market demand for products treating alopecia and helped us improve our product design ideas.Thus, we improved our products. We designed essential oil and shampoo as our finally products which is more satisfy customer’s needs.
Feedback to our projects
Visiting Hospital
Dr. Liming Wang
Dr. Wang gave us very valuable advice on how to optimize our product based on the patients’ experience. He stated that the existing drugs on the market have many disadvantages such as unavoidable side effects, the long term of treatment, and so on. And compare with oral-taken drugs, patients prefer smearing drugs more, which also matched our survey results.
Dr. Liming Wang is a specialist in hair loss from Cixi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and an attending physician in Chinese traditional medicine. He has a good theoretical foundation and rich clinical experience. Good at a comprehensive treatment of hair loss, acne, melasma, allergic purpura, and other skin diseases under the guidance of the holistic view of Chinese traditional medicine.
Q&A
1. Could you tell us what age group and what type of alopecia that you encounter more frequently? What are the differences between the different types of alopecia?
The two most common age groups that suffer from alopecia are around 20 years old and 40 years old. The most common type of alopecia is androgenetic alopecia, followed by baldness and then telogen effluvium. Androgenetic alopecia in the male population presents as two sideburns disappearing from the bottom and then the hair starting to fall out on the top of the head. Syphilitic alopecia is less common. Scarring alopecia is due to a head injury and no hair grows on this part. Telogen effluvium is most commonly known as postpartum alopecia. I think that the rate of stress alopecia would fall between resting alopecia and androgenetic alopecia.
2. What is the percentage of patients you have contacted who have symptoms of androgenetic alopecia or stress alopecia respectively? Is there any relevant literature that you can share with us? What are the main treatment options for alopecia in offline hospitals now, such as the main ingredients of the treatment drugs?
As for the percentage of symptoms, the concept of stress alopecia is not included in our current textbooks and alopecia treatment protocols. There is no literature and no data platform to consult. In our hospital, we currently treat stress alopecia with medication that may be used to regulate the vegetative nerves.
3. In terms of your expertise, what is the most effective treatment for alopecia at the moment? What are its advantages and disadvantages? And how is the medication used? For example, by applying it or taking it orally?
Our treatment for alopecia requires a combination of topical and oral applications. The most effective treatment regimen for the male population is the combination of minoxidil tincture with finasteride, and for the female population, we use a combination of 2% minoxidil tincture with spironolactone and cyproterone.
In terms of advantages and disadvantages, Minoxidil needs to be applied twice a day and the application has to be massaged in, which results in less frequent application. Long hair may also prevent it from infiltrating the scalp. Some medications need to be taken orally over a long period of time and patient compliance is not particularly high.
4. What are your thoughts on hair transplantation as a hair loss treatment? Does this method affect the body itself?
I think that hair transplantation is a quick solution to hair follicle scarcity. This method does not affect human health very much. The highest chance to affect the human body is inflammation of the scalp or unsuccessful transplantation of hair follicles. The traumatic aspect is that the recovery time after surgery is usually 1 to 2 months.
5. Do you think there is a big demand for alopecia treatment? In terms of the alopecia market, is there an expectation for a more effective and innovative drug that is less damaging? Do you have any further suggestions for the design of our product? How feasible do you think it is to bring our product to market or hospitals and aesthetic facilities? What additional safety issues do we need to consider?
The demand for alopecia treatment is very high. For the alopecia market, there is not a particularly good solution at the moment. There is definitely an expectation to this. But at the moment, alopecia is only a cosmetic need, not as important in terms of research as our cancer and other diseases. There hasn't been a single topical application after minoxidil. Your product is designed with a molecular perspective, which I think will be more relevant. First of all, it would be very effective. We don't know very much about the exact mechanism of minoxidil at the moment. But if there were a product on a molecular level, I think it would definitely have a shorter cycle time to effect. In that way, the patient would have confidence. There is also another aspect that if it is a topical drug, patient acceptance will be higher. As for the market and the hospital aesthetic institutions, I think you can first consider a hospital or other hair transplant institutions, where patients have higher needs.
In terms of safety, the first consideration is whether it will have a side effect on the whole human body after absorption. Will your medicine cause thicker and longer hairs all over the body after application? There is also a question of irritation of the scalp, e.g. whether it will cause redness, itchiness, or inflammation.
Fig1. We interviewed Doctor Liming Wang.
Dr. Tan Zhang
In order to investigate the current hair loss patients, treatment methods and market demand issues in depth. We interviewed Professor Zhang who has over 20 years experience in clinical work of traditional Chinese medicine. From the interview, we learned that the current dominated patients of alopecia are young women and the most common clinical case is androgenetic alopecia. For drug treatment, Professor Zhang recommended not to use minoxidil and finasteride due to the severe side effects. Worth mentioning, he reviewed our plan and recommended us to develop related products for health care and use topical application methods. To sum up, this interview provides valuable sources and guidance for our further project development.
Fig2. Interviewed Dr.Tan Zhang
Dr. Tan Zhang, part-time associate professor of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the current vice president of Cixi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital. He has been engaged in clinical work in traditional Chinese medicine for more than 20 years.
1. Which age group and type of alopecia patients have you treated? What are the differences between different types of alopecia? In terms of symptoms and pathogenesis, how are different types of alopecia diagnosed clinically?
The current patients in the hospital are mainly young people, most of whom are women. According to clinical cases, there are two types of alopecia in general, one is androgenetic alopecia and the other is stress alopecia, and the former is mainly adopted. From the perspective of Traditional Chinese Medicine, there are many causes for alopecia. For instance, there are mental factors, dietary factors, overwork issues or endocrine disorders.
2. What are the available treatment methods in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals for alopecia? What are the main ingredients of therapeutic drugs?
The treatment methods of traditional chinese medicine hospital are multifaceted. There are mainly four treatments. One is ultraviolet laser treatment, the second is topical therapy, the third is topical injection, and the fourth is overall conditioning with Chinese medicine.
3. We have investigated and found that the current alopecia treating method on the market mainly relies on two drugs: minoxidil and finasteride, or hair transplantation. From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, what is the most effective treatment for alopecia at present? What are the advantages and disadvantages of thoses treatments? How is the drug used? For example, smear or orally take?
Both drugs have side effects. Minoxidil dilates blood vessels, hence causing hypotension and increasing heart rate, which is particularly harmful to the elderly Finasteride is mainly used to treat senile prostate hyperplasia, not alopecia. In daily life, people can use ginger compress and acupuncture to heat the pathological sites, in order to enlarging the hair follicle.
4. So far our plan is to put the hair care essential oil product on the market and beauty institutions, or put on the hospital if the product turns out to be a special medicine. Do you think our plan is feasible?
I would suggest you to focus on health care instead of using medication. Alopecia is a long-term treatment. The curative effect of the medicine must be manifested quickly, and it will take at least a month before the patient is interested in using it. Thus, it is better to concentrate on health care.
5. Do you think there are any safety factors that have not been considered in the whole project?
I am not very clear about the pharmaceutical ingredients and their safety issues. But, I would highly recommend you to consider the safety issues from three aspects: external use, protein, and sterilization.
Expert Interview
Dr. Qiufang Zhang
Dr. Qiufang zhang, general Manager of Jiangsu Anyuncheng Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Doctor of Medicine of Peking University, Health Management Expert.
We did come up with the concern when reading about papers discussing the relation of growth factor and cancers. By talking to Dr. Zhang, who is a M.D. from Peking University and an expert in health management, we eventually dispelled this scruple. The following are the answers we got from Dr. Zhang.
Researches do show that the amount of Gas6 production increases in breast, ovarian, gastric, glioblastoma, lung, and pancreatic cancers. But firstly, due to the existence of blood-brain barrier, the proteins cannot penetrate deeply into scalp and enter blood vessels. Even if a very small amount of drug enters the vessel, it won’t be harmful because many of the human cells produce Gas6 under normal conditions. Besides, study has shown that Gas6 level shows increase only when there are cancer cell lines existing.
Stage 2 Experimental Suggestions and Project Improvement
Expert Interview
Dr. Qiufang Zhang
To carry out the cell culturing experiment, we need HFSC for determining the efficiency. However, the stem cell is too expensive and hard to culture. Thus, we asked Dr. Zhang for advice since she has rich experience in cell experiments. Dr. Zhang told us that they use model cell lines a lot in medicine tests even though they are not the target cell in the first place. With cells that are easy to cultivate and cheap to purchase, some preliminary experiments could be conducted to determine appropriate experimental conditions. She suggested that we can look for commonly used endothelial cells to explore at the first stage. We therefore determined to use HUVEC for pharmacodynamics model experiments.
Dr. Shun Gao
In the communication with Dr. Gao, he mainly gave us the instruction on EGF. We learned the importance of verification, and the optimization of the expression conditions of engineered bacteria. He also showed us the result of the agarose gel electrophoresis of EGF protein.
Fig3. Dr.Shun Gao
Dr. Shun Gao is an associate professor and master's supervisor at the Institute of Ecological Forestry, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University. He has presided over many national research projects and published more than 40 papers in SCI journals, which have been cited The number times reached more than 200 times.
In the communication with Dr. Gao, we learned the importance of verification. After we amplify the target gene fragment by PCR and transfer it into the host bacteria, it should be identified by colony PCR and restriction enzyme digestion to ensure that our recombinant cloned plasmid is correctly constructed and transferred. Dr. Gao also pointed out that we should continuously optimize the expression conditions of engineered bacteria in the process of inducing the expression of the protein. First, the SDS-PAGE can be used to complete the preliminary detection, then continuously separate and purify the protein. Finally, according to the protein expression level and the growth of the engineered bacteria, orthogonal analysis can be used to achieve optimization.
1.3 Dr. Hyuk Kyu Seoh
Fig4.Dr. Hyuk Kyu Seoh
In the conversation with Dr. Kyu, he helped us to analysis the possible reasons about why our experiment failed. With the help of Dr. Kyu, we tried to improve and redesign our experiment to start our second round of experiments.
Dr. Hyuk kyu Seoh is serving as a research scientist and adjunct professor at the Proteomics Core facility of Biology department, Georgia State University. He is an expert in Molecular Genetics and Protein Research including protein purification and has been mentoring many years for undergraduate and graduate research projects.
After a series of experiments, we asked Dr.Kyu about the reason for our failure. We realized that we still have many shortcomings in the operation of our experiment.
Dr. Kyu pointed that there might be mutations of the plasmid after extraction so we should sequence it before we start the follow-up experiment. What’s more, he suggested that we should isolate and streak cultivate the single colony that we chose to carry out PCR amplification to guarantee that all subsequent experimental results are derived from the same colony. Besides, we were supposed to use promoters with a high-copy number. We also ignore that the proteins we selected were human-derived, and should be a post-translational modification.
With the help of Dr. Kyu, we tried to improve and redesign our experiment to start our second round of experiments.
Dr. Phang-Cheng Tai
Dr. Tai mainly helped us to solve problems with Bacillus Subtillis. He made many points about what we should do better design our experiment, which could instruct our further experiments. He also pointed the critical mistake we made during the experiment process on the storage of the plasmid. With those suggestions, we can improve the way we carry out our experiment.
Phang-Cheng Tai is the regent's professor of Georgia State University, Ph.D. in microbiology, specializing in molecular genetics and protein export. Dr. Tai developed an approach to combine genetic manipulation and biochemical studies in an in vitro protein translocation system earlier in the laboratory.
Since we cannot successfully conduct the Bacillus Subtillis experiments, we decided to seek help from Dr. Tai, who is proficient in Bacillus Subtillis.
Dr. Tai pointed out that the original sequence can be used to make specialized codon optimization for the bacteria host when expressing human or mammalian proteins. Or a better way is not to change the original sequence of the protein but to use the modified E. coli strain, which can stably express the human protein. Secondly, some original components in the LB medium will act on T7 polymerase, allowing it to partially start transcription and become "leaky" without the inducer, which will damage the cells. Therefore, when E. coli is used for over-expression, some glucose can be added to the LB medium to inhibit the leaky effect. When it is necessary to induce the expression, iptg can be used to induce expression fully. Thirdly, there are many proteases in Bacillus subtilis, and some protease inhibitors need to be added to the expression system to prevent the target protein from decomposing.
Fig5.We interviewed Dr. Phang-Cheng Tai
He also told us that E. coli has an outer membrane and the cell membrane and cell wall, while Bacillus Subtilis has only one membrane. When the colony is in the exponential phase, a signal peptide is required to release the protein. But in the stationary phase, Bacillus Subtilis can directly secrete protein without signal peptides. And since we want to use the proteins directly as hair care products, he suggested finding some reagents to stabilize GAS6 protein to maintain protein activity under daily environmental conditions.
On the other hand, we ran an agarose gel electrophoresis to see if the plasmids we constructed had the right size, but the result showed that the plasmids were broken into pieces. Dr. Tai stated that it's due to the inappropriate storage method of the plasmids. Plasmids are better not be placed in the refrigerator at -20 Celsius, it is easy to cross-contamination when placed at -20 degrees, and the structure of the plasmids will be destroyed during the repeated crystallization of water. The best way to store plasmids is to wash them with ethanol after extraction and freeze-dry them in multiple centrifuge tubes and store them at -80 Celsius.
Dr. Tai's advice is crucial for modifying the design of our experiment, and we have made considerable progress under his instructions
Stage 3 Communication and Project Application
Collaboration
05/29 CCIC online meeting
CCiC is a non-profit, national-wide annual academic conference initiated by Chinese iGEMers. It provides a platform for iGEMers to communicate and cooperate. Nowadays, CCiC has become one of the largest academic conferences for undergraduate students in China. On May 29, 2021, our team participated in the 2021 China iGEM Online Meetup, which is guided by CCiC committee and co-hosted by Jiangnan_China, SZU-China, Jilin_China, and LZD-China. The meeting lasted for two days. A total of 42 teams participated, and 28 teams presented their projects during the meeting.
At the conference, we introduced our project “HNOSS” to other teams: a novel application of hair loss treatment method using heterologous-expressed human follicle cell growth-related factors. During the meeting, we established further collaboration with Tongji_China, Jiangnan_China, ShanghaiTech_China, and SJTang.
Tongji_China
06/05 Online meeting
On June 5th, GA_State_SW_Jiaotong, represented by our team, and Tongji_China had an online discussion about project development and the questionnaires' design.
In the beginning, both sides introduced their projects. The central part of the meeting was about the design of the questionnaire survey. We shared some experience with Tongji_China from design, publicity, and methods for ensuring the diversity of questionnaire questions and respondents. Regarding the existing question setting of Tongji_China's questionnaire, we proposed that the difference of region and residence place could be reflected in the questionnaire. To increase the diversity of respondents, we also suggested offline publicity. In addition, taking the project stakeholders, market conditions, product acceptability, and moderation into account when setting the problems is also recommended. During the communication process, two teams exchanged the opinions thoroughly in designing the questionnaire. Moreover, our team also sought advice from Tongji_China regarding the pathway design and model construction.
06/14 Online meeting
On June 14th, GA_State_SW_Jiaotong, represented by our team, and Tongji_China held another online meeting to discuss the experimental design and modeling.
Regarding the design of the suicide switch, our team proposed employing the difference between general environment and scalp environment for the bacteria committing suicide and the method of making the strain survive under specific conditions. Based on their experience in designing suicide switches, Tongji_China proposed various forms of suicide switches driven by other factors and some problems that need to be considered for multiple types of suicide switches.
As for the modeling part, Tongji_China suggested that our team consider more factors that affect protein yield in the yield prediction model. And regarding the economic model that we wanted to apply for predicting the existing market shares of hair loss products, Tongji_China believed that most of the current hair loss products in the market are specific for androgenic alopecia. In contrast, treatment methods for stress alopecia are not very popular, so they may not be very suitable. As for the enzymatic reaction kinetic model applied by Tongji_China, our team shared some model construction experience and results with Tongji_China for their reference.
07/18 off-line discussion in Shanghai
SJTang
On July 18th, our team and SJTang had an in-person meeting about the project of iGEM for prior learning and communication. At the beginning of the meeting, we introduced the projects to each other. After discussion and exchange of opinions, both sides learned and benefitted from the shared information and agreed to cooperate in the following aspects.
Firstly, regarding mathematical modeling, SJTang planned to build a mathematical model for hydrogen production from the co-growth of two kinds of bacteria, while we also need to develop a model to account for the growth of multiple bacteria. Therefore, the two teams exchanged knowledge and resources in constructing this co-culture model
Moreover, for the cooperation of human practice, both sides would officially present their parts of the project. Some of our team members are in the United States; these students will show explanatory, short promotional videos provided by the SJT during educational presentations. Meanwhile, the senior high school members from SJTang will also give out our questionnaire surveys during their presentations. Both teams would use each other's resources to promote their projects and, at the same time, expand the influence and educational significance of the projects.
Finally, each team specializes in wiki differently: Our team can provide technical support to SJTang while SJTang will assist in graphic design.
SZ-SHD
On July 19th, our team and SZ-SHD had an in-person meeting about the iGEM project. After introducing both projects, the two sides decided to collaborate on the following aspects. In terms of the product research, the two sides shared similarities in products (SZ-SHD studies facial hair loss while our team studies hair loss). SZ-SHD would research the fragrance and pigment of products, so we proposed that the two teams could further communicate in product design.
As for the technology, our team would provide emulsion technology to solve the problems encountered by SZ-SHD about enzyme delivery and provide the kinetic model of enzyme reaction to help them build an ideal mathematical model.
Finally, in regards to HP, both sides would display each other's projects in their own Wechat official account to do publicity. At the same time, due to the high degree of overlap between projects, both sides would also introduce related experts to each other to get more professional guidance.
Biogallery
We also prepared a brief introduction and photos of our program for iBowu-China, which they made into biogallery later on.
Expert interview
Professor Tao Meng
Dr Meng is an expert on micro-nano material, after the interview with him, we changed our original idea of use hydrogels to encapsulate the target protein but use the microneedle or emulsion to deliverthe proteins.
Dr. Tao Meng, a professor at Southwest Jiaotong University, the "Micro-Nano Biotechnology" Model Worker of Sichuan Province. The main research fields are biochemical technology and nano-functional materials. In the past five years, he has published more than 30 scientific research papers in academic journals and one monograph.
Fig6.We interviewed Dr.Tao Meng
Q&A
1. Our current idea is to use nanoscale hydrogels or liposomes to encapsulate the target proteins and deliver them into the hair follicle stem cells by smearing. What do you think about our idea of using hydrogels for drug delivery? Does it have some advantages, or are there some significant deficiencies or doubts?
Actually, I don't think hydrogels are very suitable. Hydrogel itself is a network structure formed by polymer materials with large pore size. However, your drug is a small molecule, so it's not easy to release it precisely, or to slow-release it. In addition, hydrogels are generally made at the micron or millimeter level. As far as I know, it is challenging to make hydrogels that can load drugs at the nanometer level. Liposome delivery is not necessary. Liposomes are mainly used for blood injection and are less efficient when used for smear delivery. Because it's essentially a blister, it's very volatile when applied to the scalp, thus the drug doesn't flow very well.
2. According to your research experience, is there any method like microfluidic that can directly bind our target protein to the carrier?
Yes, microfluidic is a relatively new technology. The advantage is that it can achieve multi-component encapsulation, encapsulating a variety of drugs in one microflow. It can also be made into different colors. The disadvantage is that the most suitable size of microfluidic is between 100 microns and 500 microns. It’s hard for microfluidic to deliver drugs on the nanoscale.
3. Our current methods are more or less unsuitable. From your professional point of view, could you recommend some better ways to deliver our target proteins?
Since the receptor of your protein is on the cell membrane, you can make the drug into a nanoemulsion. You can make small droplets on nanoscale through high-energy emulsification, and it's very easy to do so. The drug can be placed inside or on the surface of the droplet. When the droplets enters the capillaries of the scalp, it will wrap around the cells and slowly act on the membranes. The emulsion can also lock water inside, keeping it moist for a long time. At the same time, the emulsion will be more uniform when delivering drugs transdermally, especially for oily drugs. There is a Pickering emulsion that uses ultrafine solid particles as emulsifiers and is very stable. Microneedles can also be used. It can pierce the cuticle of the skin, increasing the efficiency of drugs passing through the skin and into the bloodstream. You can put your target protein into microneedles and insert it into the scalp, and it slowly sinks in. It’s suitable for scalp drug delivery. You can also combine microneedles with the wig to meet the needs of different people since there are many different types of hair loss. Some kinds of microneedles can also be degraded, which is more environmentally friendly.
3. Company
CONBA is a pharmaceutical enterprise group with modern Chinese medicine and botanical medicine as its core business. After more than three decades of development, it has become one of the top ten Chinese traditional medicine companies in Zhejiang pharmaceutical industry. From January to July in 2018, the company achieved a revenue of 7.98 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of nearly 43.6%, net profit of 670 million yuan, an increase of 43%. The development speed since last year is the highest among the elite enterprises of Chinese medicine enterprises in China. CONBA has built planting, cultivating, manufacturing, and marketing bases in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, Hubei, Shanghai, Guizhou, and other provinces and cities in China, and implemented innovative technology platforms based on national enterprise technology centers, national postdoctoral research stations, national innovative exemplary enterprises, academician workstations and so on.
We had an opportunity to have a brief but meaningful meeting with Mr. Jian Wu, the general manager of the experiment center of Zhejiang CONBA group. Mr. Wu put forward the following suggestions and opinions on our project.
Fig6.We interviewed Dr.Tao Meng
Hair growth drugs are mostly orally taken, and there are very few proved clinically to be effective. The two drugs with high reputation and recognition are finasteride tablets and minoxidil, while such drugs are extremely compliant, which means it usually requires years to achieve the ideal hair growth effect. Long-term medication mainly has two disadvantages on patients. Firstly, hair loss is not like hypertension or other fatal diseases, patients often lose perseverance and give up taking medication after a course of treatment if they do not see significant improvement. Secondly, even if the side effects of those drugs are minimal, long-term use of drugs will also interfere with the normal hormonal homeostasis in the patients' bodies. Thus, using drugs to treat hair loss is far less effective than simply wearing a wig or even a hair transplant. In addition, the related technology is already very complete and developed, so most hair loss patients no longer choose to use drugs to trim their bald heads.
The design of direct drug delivery to the source is not eye-catching enough and lacks innovation. Micro-needle products are commonly seen in the market, hair caps were popular in the market two years ago, but most of the products have been eliminated. Mr. Wu cites an example of which successfully innovated drugs on the market: Ding Guier infant umbilical patch, which utilizes osmotic pressure difference between in vivo and in vitro to directly deliver the drug into the baby's abdomen, without injections or orally taken drugs, thus it’s very good for babies. This is the ideal way of drug delivery innovation. Mr. Wu also pointed out a very promising direction for the future, recommending the introduction of Chinese medicine theory to stimulate scalp acupuncture points to promote hair growth.
Mr. Wu also points out the chaos in today's high-tech market, where the so-called high-tech companies "sell concepts" without doing any underlying research, hence luring large enterprises to raise funds for production and sales. The products are marketed before the research. Those “high-tech products” are actually ineffective, and customers will not get any results after using them, thus leading to the distrust of customers of non-mature high-tech products. Most potential customers are hesitating, which further narrowed the consumer market.
