|
|
Line 5: |
Line 5: |
| <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> | | <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> |
| <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> | | <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> |
| + | <title>Document</title> |
| <link rel="stylesheet" | | <link rel="stylesheet" |
| href="https://2017.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title= Template:SCU_China/default_CSS &action=raw&ctype=text/css"> | | href="https://2017.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title= Template:SCU_China/default_CSS &action=raw&ctype=text/css"> |
Line 11: |
Line 12: |
| <link rel="stylesheet" | | <link rel="stylesheet" |
| href="https://2021.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title= Template:CPU_CHINA/common_CSS &action=raw&ctype=text/css"> | | href="https://2021.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title= Template:CPU_CHINA/common_CSS &action=raw&ctype=text/css"> |
− | <link rel="stylesheet"
| + | </head> |
− | href="https://2021.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title= Template:CPU_CHINA/contentCommon_CSS &action=raw&ctype=text/css"> | + | <style> |
− | <style> | + | body { |
− | #header #title { | + | background-color: #FAFAFA !important; |
− | top: 2vw;
| + | } |
− | text-align: center;
| + | |
| + | #first { |
| + | padding: 0 12%; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #mw-content-text { |
| + | height: 460vw |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #first #title { |
| + | position: relative; |
| + | padding-top: 15%; |
| + | text-align: center; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #first #title #home-title { |
| + | font-family: "MONTSERRAT-BLACKITALIC2"; |
| + | line-height: normal; |
| + | text-align: center; |
| + | font-weight: bolder; |
| + | font-size: 6vw; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #first #title #decoration { |
| + | position: absolute; |
| + | top: 32%; |
| + | left: 39%; |
| + | width: 20%; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #first #brief-introduction { |
| + | margin: 12% 0; |
| + | text-align: center; |
| + | font-family: "MONTSERRAT-BLACKITALIC2"; |
| + | font-size: 1.5vw; |
| + | letter-spacing: 0.25em; |
| + | color: #777777; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #first .paragraph { |
| + | margin-bottom: 14%; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #first .paragraph #img1 { |
| + | float: left; |
| + | width: 30%; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #first .paragraph #img2 { |
| + | float: right; |
| + | width: 50%; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #first .paragraph #img3 { |
| + | float: left; |
| + | width: 30%; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #first p { |
| + | line-height: 3vw; |
| + | font-size: 2vw; |
| + | letter-spacing: 0.05em; |
| + | font-family: "MONTSERRAT-BLACK1"; |
| + | color: #373737; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #first .paragraph #p1 { |
| + | padding: 5vw 0; |
| + | float: right; |
| + | text-align: right; |
| + | width: 70%; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #first .paragraph #p2 { |
| + | padding: 3vw 0; |
| + | float: left; |
| + | text-align: left; |
| + | width: 50%; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #first .paragraph #p3 { |
| + | padding: 1.5vw 0; |
| + | float: right; |
| + | text-align: right; |
| + | width: 70%; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #first #transition { |
| + | text-align: center; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #first .paragraph :nth-child(2) { |
| + | float: left; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #second #layer { |
| + | position: relative; |
| + | width: 100%; |
| + | z-index: 1; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #second #layer .rubbish { |
| + | position: absolute; |
| + | left: 0; |
| + | width: 100%; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #second #layer #rubbish1 { |
| + | top: 25vw; |
| + | z-index: 4; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #second #layer #rubbish2 { |
| + | top: 22vw; |
| + | z-index: 2; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #second #layer #rubbish3 { |
| + | top: -80px; |
| + | z-index: 3; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #second #layer #rubbish4 { |
| + | top: 20vw; |
| + | z-index: 1; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #second #layer2 img { |
| + | display: none; |
| + | width: 100% |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #second #layer3 { |
| + | position: relative; |
| + | z-index: 8; |
| + | top: 700px; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #second .polution { |
| + | position: absolute; |
| + | height: 20%; |
| + | width: 70%; |
| + | margin: 70% 15%; |
| + | color: #FAFAFA; |
| + | line-height: 3vw; |
| + | text-align: center; |
| + | font-size: 2vw; |
| + | letter-spacing: 0.05em; |
| + | font-family: "MONTSERRAT-BLACK1"; |
| + | z-index: 9; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #second .polution1 { |
| + | float: right; |
| + | margin-right: 5%; |
| + | margin-top: 10px; |
| + | /*z-index: 9;*/ |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #second .pimg1{ |
| + | position: absolute; |
| + | margin-top: 25%; |
| + | width: 25%; |
| + | left: 37.5%; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | |
| + | #second .polution2 { |
| + | float: right; |
| + | margin-right: 5%; |
| + | |
| + | /*z-index: 9;*/ |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #second .pimg2 { |
| + | position: absolute; |
| + | margin-top: 90%; |
| + | width: 25%; |
| + | left: 37.5%; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #second .polution3 { |
| + | float: right; |
| + | margin-right: 5%; |
| + | margin-top: 140%; |
| + | /*z-index: 9;*/ |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #anchor1 { |
| + | margin-top: 70% |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | body.loaded { |
| + | height: 4800px; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #sticky { |
| + | position: sticky; |
| + | top: 0; |
| + | background-color: #1f1f1f; |
| + | height: 100vh; |
| + | display: flex; |
| + | justify-content: center; |
| + | align-items: center; |
| + | z-index: -1; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #sticky img { |
| + | position: absolute; |
| + | bottom: 0; |
| + | width: 100%; |
| + | display: none; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | canvas { |
| + | position: relative; |
| + | margin-top: 0; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | |
| + | |
| + | #loading { |
| + | font-size: 28px; |
| + | font-family: Helvetica; |
| + | color: #fff; |
| + | position: absolute; |
| + | width: 45vw; |
| + | text-align: center; |
| + | z-index: 10; |
| + | font-weight: bold; |
| + | /* background: url('Meddy/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--ani01.PNG') no-repeat center center; */ |
| + | background-size: contain; |
| + | height: 100%; |
| + | display: flex; |
| + | justify-content: center; |
| + | align-items: center; |
| + | transition: .5s opacity ease-in-out; |
| + | transition-delay: 2s; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #loading p { |
| + | margin-top: 40%; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | body.loaded #loading { |
| + | opacity: 0; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #third { |
| + | margin: 190% 0 10%; |
| + | display: flex; |
| + | justify-content: center; |
| + | align-items: center; |
| + | flex-direction: column; |
| + | flex-wrap: wrap; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #third #machine { |
| + | display: flex; |
| + | width: 60%; |
| + | justify-content: center; |
| + | align-items: center; |
| + | flex-direction: column; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #third #machine p { |
| + | margin: 0; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #third #machine .area1 { |
| + | display: flex; |
| + | justify-content: center; |
| + | align-items: center; |
| + | flex-direction: row; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | /* #third img { |
| + | margin: -20px; |
| + | } */ |
| + | |
| + | #third #machine img { |
| + | width: 70%; |
| + | margin: 0; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #last { |
| + | display: flex; |
| + | padding: 0; |
| + | margin: 10% 0; |
| + | flex-wrap: wrap; |
| + | align-items: center; |
| + | justify-content: center; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #last li { |
| + | width: 240px; |
| + | padding: 0; |
| + | margin: 1%; |
| + | font-family: "CABIN-REGULAR"; |
| + | justify-content: center; |
| + | flex-direction: column; |
| + | align-items: center; |
| + | text-align: center; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #last li img { |
| + | margin-bottom: 1vmin; |
| + | width: 100%; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #last li p { |
| + | color: #212121; |
| + | font-size: 1.1em; |
| + | text-align: center; |
| + | font-family: "MONTSERRAT-BLACKITALIC2"; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #last li:hover p { |
| + | color: #0071fe; |
| + | font-weight: bold; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | @media screen and (max-width: 1300px) {} |
| + | |
| + | @media screen and (max-width: 450px) { |
| + | #first #title { |
| + | padding: 40vh 0 30vh; |
| } | | } |
| | | |
− | #contain .left img { | + | #first #title #decoration { |
| position: absolute; | | position: absolute; |
− | width: 80%;
| + | top: 42vh; |
− | top: 220px; | + | left: 26vw; |
− | left: 12%; | + | width: 20%; |
− | z-index: 2; | + | |
| } | | } |
− | </style> | + | |
− | </head> | + | #second #layer { |
| + | display: none; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | #second #layer2 img { |
| + | display: block; |
| + | } |
| + | } |
| + | </style> |
| | | |
| <body> | | <body> |
Line 50: |
Line 384: |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
− | <img class="background" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/5/55/T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--Background.png" alt="">
| |
− | <h1 id="title">INTEGRATED HUMAN PRACTICES</h1>
| |
− | <svg width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 1920 600" version="1.1"
| |
− | style="fill-rule:evenodd;clip-rule:evenodd;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:2;">
| |
− | <g transform="matrix(1.16285,0,0,1.38837,253.426,-231.748)">
| |
− | <g id="AD1">
| |
− | <path id="凹形遮罩"
| |
− | d="M1433.18,439.801C1433.18,439.801 1001.08,524.071 607.621,524.374C219.99,524.673 -217.935,439.801 -217.935,439.801L-217.935,944.811L1433.18,944.811L1433.18,439.801Z"
| |
− | style="fill:#FFFFFF;" />
| |
− | </g>
| |
− | </g>
| |
− | </svg>
| |
| </header> | | </header> |
− | <div id="contain" class=" clearfix"> | + | <div id="first"> |
− | <div class="left clearfix"> | + | <div id="title"> |
− | <svg class="Frosting" width="70%" height="310px"> | + | <h1 id="home-title">POLYETHYLENE DEGRADIST</h1> |
− | <defs>
| + | <img id="decoration" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/a/ae/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Pic3.gif" alt=""> |
− | <pattern id="cardBg" x="0" y="0" width="100" height="100" patternUnits="userSpaceOnUse">
| + | <p id="brief-introduction">a prescription for the earth affected by plastic polution</p> |
− | <image opacity="0.5" width="100" height="100"
| + | |
− | xlink:href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/7/75/T--CPU_CHINA--Frosting1.png" />
| + | |
− | <image class="fillLight" opacity="0.5" width="100" height="100"
| + | |
− | xlink:href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/f/fd/T--CPU_CHINA--Frosting2.png" />
| + | |
− | </pattern>
| + | |
− | </defs>
| + | |
− | <g class="main">
| + | |
− | <g class="card">
| + | |
− | <rect fill="none" stroke="#ccc" opacity="0.75" stroke-width="3" width="100%" height="100%"
| + | |
− | rx="10" ry="10" opacity="0.6" />
| + | |
− | <rect fill="url(#cardBg)" width="100%" height="100%" rx="11" ry="11" opacity="0.6" />
| + | |
− | </g>
| + | |
− | </g>
| + | |
− | </svg> | + | |
− | <nav>
| + | |
− | <div class="catalogue-title">IHP</div>
| + | |
− | <ul class="catalogue">
| + | |
− | <li class="num">
| + | |
− | <a href="#section1" title="INSPIRATION">INSPIRATION</a>
| + | |
− | </li>
| + | |
− | | + | |
− | <li class="num">
| + | |
− | <a href="#section2" title="LISTEN TO THE WORLD">LISTEN TO THE WORLD</a>
| + | |
− | </li>
| + | |
− | | + | |
− | <li class="num">
| + | |
− | <a href="#section3" title="MADE OUR VOICE BE HEARD">MADE OUR VOICE BE HEARD</a>
| + | |
− | </li>
| + | |
− | | + | |
− | <li class="num">
| + | |
− | <a href="#section4" title="PRACTISE IN REALITY">PRACTISE IN REALITY</a>
| + | |
− | </li>
| + | |
− | <li class="num">
| + | |
− | <a href="#section5" title="EXPERTS">EXPERTS</a>
| + | |
− | </li>
| + | |
− | </ul>
| + | |
− | </nav>
| + | |
− | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/2/2e/T--CPU_CHINA--walking.png" alt="">
| + | |
| </div> | | </div> |
− | <div id="detail" class="clearfix"> | + | <div class="paragraph clearfix"> |
− | <div class="section" id="section1"> | + | <img id="img1" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/9/9e/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Pic1.png" alt=""> |
− | <h2 id='inspiration'><span>INSPIRATION</span></h2>
| + | <p id="p1">With the rapid development of e-commerce, the number of express delivery is increasing year by |
− | <p><span>During the initial stage after team CPU_CHINA 2021 was established, we’ve
| + | year.</p> |
− | brainstormed for several
| + | |
− | times to explore how synthetic biology may change the real world from
| + | |
− | every aspect of our society
| + | |
− | and lives. </span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/7/7a/T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--1.jpeg" alt="T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--1" style="zoom: 25%;" />
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p class="imgdescribe"><span>Fig. 1: Brainstorming</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>After multiple heated discussions, the current issue of excessive packaging in
| + | |
− | express industry
| + | |
− | captured our attention. In China, with the rapid development of
| + | |
− | e-commerce, express has gradually
| + | |
− | become an indispensable part in our daily life. Yet the convenience and
| + | |
− | efficiency that express
| + | |
− | delivery brought to us was inevitably accompanied by a large number of
| + | |
− | waste plastic packaging.
| + | |
− | These waste plastic packaging can not be easily recycled and reused like
| + | |
− | other packaging materials.
| + | |
− | And the white pollution problem they brought has seriously affected the
| + | |
− | living environment of human
| + | |
− | beings. With the passion for doing something to change the current
| + | |
− | situation, CPU_CHINA started from
| + | |
− | our surrounding environment and tried to carry out related
| + | |
− | investigations.</span></p>
| + | |
| </div> | | </div> |
− | <div class="section" id="section2"> | + | <div class="paragraph clearfix"> |
− | <h2 id='listen-to-the-world'><span>LISTEN TO THE WORLD</span></h2>
| + | <p id="p2">In 2020, China's express delivery volume will reach</p> |
− | <p><span>In order to explore </span><strong><span>the story behind discarded express
| + | <img id="img2" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/1/1f/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Pic4.gif" alt=""> |
− | packaging and how it
| + | |
− | became discarded plastic</span></strong><span>, we focused on
| + | |
− | their origin by going to the site
| + | |
− | for acquiring first hand information.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <h3 id='chapter-1-express-depositories'><span>CHAPTER 1. EXPRESS DEPOSITORIES </span>
| + | |
− | </h3>
| + | |
− | <p><span>The first location that came into our mind was the </span><strong><span>Cai
| + | |
− | Niao Courier
| + | |
− | Station</span></strong><span> </span><strong><span>in our
| + | |
− | campus</span></strong><span>. It is a
| + | |
− | logistics service platform, which provides package collection services
| + | |
− | for online purchasers in
| + | |
− | communities and campuses. More than
| + | |
− | </span><strong><span>40,000</span></strong><span> Cai Niao
| + | |
− | courier stations constitute the widely scattered terminal express
| + | |
− | networks in cities around
| + | |
− | China.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/0/0c/T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--2.jpeg" alt="T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--2" style="zoom:25%;" /></p>
| + | |
− | <p class="imgdescribe"><span>Fig. 2 : Interviewing the staff of the Cai Niao Courier Station</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/f/fd/T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--3.jpeg" alt="T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--3" style="zoom:25%;" /></p>
| + | |
− | <p class="imgdescribe"><span>Fig. 3: The person who took the packages</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>We interviewed the staff of the Cai Niao Station in China Pharmaceutical
| + | |
− | University. According to
| + | |
− | their knowledge, the amount of express delivery and plastic packaging
| + | |
− | consumed solely by this very
| + | |
− | station in our school was already considerable. Normally, there are
| + | |
− | about </span><strong><span>7000
| + | |
− | received packages</span></strong><span> at the station
| + | |
− | </span><strong><span>per
| + | |
− | day</span></strong><span>. On average, every student of the
| + | |
− | school receives
| + | |
− | </span><strong><span>4.5 packages per week,</span></strong><span> and this
| + | |
− | number will increase
| + | |
− | significantly during sales promotion of many e-commerce platforms. In
| + | |
− | addition, logistics companies
| + | |
− | and merchants tend to apply </span><strong><span>excessive
| + | |
− | packaging</span></strong><span> in order
| + | |
− | to ensure the safety or improve the exquisiteness of the goods before
| + | |
− | sending them out. All of these
| + | |
− | factors contributed to the accumulation of discarded plastic packaging,
| + | |
− | which needs to be cleaned up
| + | |
− | by the staffs for many times on a daily basis. </span></p>
| + | |
− | <p> </p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>The data and records collected during this interview revealed to us the
| + | |
− | shocking volume of express
| + | |
− | delivery industry, and the accompanying plastic packaging waste, which
| + | |
− | prompted us to conduct a more
| + | |
− | veritable research outside the campus to acquire a more comprehensive
| + | |
− | and general understanding on
| + | |
− | the issue. Therefore, the next stop we visited were several
| + | |
− | </span><strong><span>residential
| + | |
− | areas</span></strong><span> in Nanjing. Shortly after our
| + | |
− | arrival, we found that there were
| + | |
− | </span><strong><span>many discarded plastic packaging in the express
| + | |
− | depositories of the
| + | |
− | community</span></strong><span>, just like what we had seen back
| + | |
− | in our school. After randomly
| + | |
− | interviewing some residents, we learned the following things:</span></p>
| + | |
− | <ol start=''>
| + | |
− | <li><span>The development of online shopping in China has led to a boom in the
| + | |
− | express delivery
| + | |
− | industry, which clearly benefits everyone. A community resident
| + | |
− | who was signing for packages
| + | |
− | told us that everything she needed in daily life can be mostly
| + | |
− | bought online, thus saving her
| + | |
− | time of shopping in grocery stores and supermarkets for other
| + | |
− | meaningful purposes. The storage
| + | |
− | racks full of parcels in the express depositories also
| + | |
− | illustrated the importance of express
| + | |
− | delivery in the lives of Chinese people.</span></li>
| + | |
− | <li><span>Large numbers of packages can bring not only convenience, but also
| + | |
− | trouble. The staff at the
| + | |
− | express depository said that in order to ensure the integrity
| + | |
− | and safety of goods during their
| + | |
− | transportation, the express companies have to put necessary but
| + | |
− | often excessive packaging on the
| + | |
− | goods. But by the time these packages reached to consumers, the
| + | |
− | packaging materials would
| + | |
− | instantly turn into garbage, which was in line with our previous
| + | |
− | observations. Some residents
| + | |
− | who came to pick up the couriers also complained about the
| + | |
− | inconvenience caused by overpacked
| + | |
− | plastics on their parcels.</span></li>
| + | |
− | </ol>
| + | |
− | <p><span>The situations and findings in the residential areas were similar to what
| + | |
− | we've discovered in
| + | |
− | the campus. As a result, we realized that without an appropriate
| + | |
− | treatment, these single-used
| + | |
− | plastic waste are bound to cause serious consumption of resources, as
| + | |
− | well as the environmental
| + | |
− | pollution.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>When we asked about the disposal methods of these discarded plastic packaging,
| + | |
− | one of the resident
| + | |
− | suggested that we should look for the garbage transfer trucks and follow
| + | |
− | them to explore the next
| + | |
− | stop for garbage disposal.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/4/4e/T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--4.jpeg" alt="T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--4" style="zoom:25%;" /></p>
| + | |
− | <p class="imgdescribe"><span>Fig. 4: A lot of plastic waste</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/5/5d/T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--5.jpeg" alt="T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--5" style="zoom:25%;" /></p>
| + | |
− | <p class="imgdescribe"><span>Fig. 5: Talking with residents</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/f/fb/T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--6.jpeg" alt="T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--6" style="zoom:25%;" /></p>
| + | |
− | <p class="imgdescribe"><span>Fig. 6: Garbage truck</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>In light of the acquired findings from the two preliminary visits, we realized
| + | |
− | that
| + | |
− | </span><strong><span>the accumulation of plastic packaging waste had been a
| + | |
− | problem that requires urgent
| + | |
− | response and attention</span></strong><span>. Therefore, bearing
| + | |
− | the values of sustainable
| + | |
− | development in mind, members of CPU_CHINA 2021 began to conduct
| + | |
− | literature investigation and
| + | |
− | discussions, in search for an potential innovative solution towards this
| + | |
− | issue, with the hope that
| + | |
− | we can resolve plastic pollution nowadays. During this process, we got
| + | |
− | to know that the main
| + | |
− | composition of plastic packaging waste was
| + | |
− | </span><strong><span>polyethylene
| + | |
− | (PE)</span></strong><span>, a type of widely used polymer
| + | |
− | material mainly consisting of carbon
| + | |
− | and hydrogen, making it </span><strong><span>difficult to be
| + | |
− | degraded</span></strong><span> under
| + | |
− | natural conditions. Thus, we became determined to develop
| + | |
− | </span><strong><span>a new type of PE
| + | |
− | degradation method</span></strong><span> that can effectively
| + | |
− | accelerate the break down of PE.
| + | |
− | </span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/c/cb/T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--7.jpeg" alt="T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--7" style="zoom:25%;" /></p>
| + | |
− | <p class="imgdescribe"><span>Fig. 7: Lively discussion among members</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/4/4c/T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--8.jpeg" alt="T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--8" style="zoom:25%;" /></p>
| + | |
− | <p class="imgdescribe"><span>Fig. 8: Discussing project</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Meanwhile, since we were trying to Fig. out a new solution on plastic waste
| + | |
− | treatment, it is also
| + | |
− | of vital importance to know about the current plastic disposal
| + | |
− | situations to help us precisely
| + | |
− | modify our project. Therefore, eager to have a more in-depth
| + | |
− | understanding of the city's waste
| + | |
− | plastic treatment system, we made a trip to the garbage disposal transit
| + | |
− | station in Jiangning
| + | |
− | High-tech District for on-site investigation. </span></p>
| + | |
− | <h3 id='chapter-2-garbage-transit-station'><span>CHAPTER 2. GARBAGE TRANSIT
| + | |
− | STATION</span></h3>
| + | |
− | <p><span>This station is the centralized disposal point of household garbage produced in
| + | |
− | the district. The
| + | |
− | station staff told us that household waste from the communities will be
| + | |
− | concentrated in the
| + | |
− | district-level garbage processing transit station, where the recyclable
| + | |
− | materials will be sorted out
| + | |
− | for recycling; the kitchen waste will be sent to special processing
| + | |
− | device for resource reclamation,
| + | |
− | generating organic fertilizer as the final product; and other waste will
| + | |
− | be directly loaded to the
| + | |
− | garbage transfer trucks for transportation to garbage incineration
| + | |
− | plants or landfills.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/4/44/T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--9.jpeg" alt="T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--9" style="zoom:25%;" /></p>
| + | |
− | <p class="imgdescribe"><span>Fig. 9: Interviewing the staff of the garbage transit station</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/6/62/T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--10.jpeg" alt="T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--10" style="zoom:25%;" />
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p class="imgdescribe"><span>Fig. 10: The staff is disinfecting the garbage truck</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>As for our survey object, we learned from this trip that
| + | |
− | </span><strong><span>PE belongs to other
| + | |
− | waste</span></strong><span>. Its disposal profile showed that
| + | |
− | part of </span><strong><span>it
| + | |
− | will be recycled and reused by professional companies, but the
| + | |
− | other portions that cannot be
| + | |
− | recycled will be uniformly transported to incineration plants or
| + | |
− | landfills in the
| + | |
− | suburbs.</span></strong><span> </span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/7/74/T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--11.jpeg" alt="T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--11" style="zoom:25%;" />
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p class="imgdescribe"><span>Fig. 11: The flow of waste plastic</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Therefore, to close the loop of the journey of disposed plastic waste, we
| + | |
− | decided to conduct
| + | |
− | further interview to plastic recycling enterprises, and to make visits
| + | |
− | to garbage disposal
| + | |
− | plants.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <h3 id='chapter-3-the-end-of-discarded-plastics'><span>CHAPTER 3. THE END OF DISCARDED
| + | |
− | PLASTICS</span></h3>
| + | |
− | <p><strong><span>Plastic recycling enterprise</span></strong><span>:</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Lanzhou Jintudi Plastic Product Co. Ltd</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Lanzhou Jintudi Plastic Product Company Limited is a large entity enterprise
| + | |
− | which specializes in
| + | |
− | recycling waste plastic into new materials, such as agricultural
| + | |
− | mulching film, for production and
| + | |
− | transaction. We contacted the chief manager of this enterprise, Mrs.
| + | |
− | Sun, as well as her student,
| + | |
− | Mr. Liu, through team DUT_China, to learn about the existing PE products
| + | |
− | and the recycling status of
| + | |
− | PE.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/f/f2/T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--12.jpeg" alt="T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--12" style="zoom:25%;" />
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p class="imgdescribe"><span>Fig. 12: Contacting Mrs. Sun and Mr. Liu of Lanzhou Jintudi Plastic Product Co.
| + | |
− | Ltd with team
| + | |
− | DUT_China</span></p>
| + | |
− | <ol start=''>
| + | |
− | <li>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Mrs. Sun introduced us to the technological process of plastic
| + | |
− | recycling.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>She told us that China's plastic recycling market only
| + | |
− | began to develop in recent
| + | |
− | years. The existing technology is not particularly
| + | |
− | mature, thus the requirements on waste
| + | |
− | plastic as raw materials for recycle are relatively
| + | |
− | high. However, the sources of waste
| + | |
− | plastics are complex, and they often mixed with
| + | |
− | impurities such as fabrics, rubber, metals,
| + | |
− | and silts, making them difficult to be processed for
| + | |
− | now. So the fact is, there are
| + | |
− | currently not many types of plastic can be recycled and
| + | |
− | reused. The remaining portion can
| + | |
− | only be landfilled or incinerated. There is no doubt
| + | |
− | that the plastic recycling market has
| + | |
− | huge development potential in the future, but nowadays
| + | |
− | the proportion of plastic that can be
| + | |
− | recycled is still small, which requires the joint
| + | |
− | efforts of academia and industry.</span>
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | </li>
| + | |
− | <li>
| + | |
− | <p><span>With increasing emphasis on sustainable development by
| + | |
− | government, numerous enterprises
| + | |
− | have begun to develop degradable plastics. However, they
| + | |
− | encountered many difficulties, such
| + | |
− | as high cost, long degradation time, incomplete
| + | |
− | degradation and so on. There is still a long
| + | |
− | way to go for biodegradable plastics to be used on a
| + | |
− | real scale.</span></p>
| + | |
− | </li>
| + | |
− | <li>
| + | |
− | <p><span>During the communication, we learnt that there were strict
| + | |
− | regulations on the degradation
| + | |
− | assessment of plastics. Mrs. Sun reminded us that we
| + | |
− | must pay attention to national
| + | |
− | standards when verifying the plastic degradation
| + | |
− | efficiency of our system.</span></p>
| + | |
− | </li>
| + | |
− | <li>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Mrs. Sun highly recognized the practical significance of our
| + | |
− | project. She also generously
| + | |
− | offered to provide relevant technical support for our
| + | |
− | subsequent research.</span></p>
| + | |
− | </li>
| + | |
− | </ol>
| + | |
− | <p><span>We learned from the interview that plastic recycling market only began to
| + | |
− | develop in recent years,
| + | |
− | and the relevant technologies of recycling cannot be applied well due to
| + | |
− | many practical problems. In
| + | |
− | addition, there is still way to go for biodegradable plastics to be used
| + | |
− | on a much larger scale for
| + | |
− | replacing traditional plastic products. The status of two fields in
| + | |
− | plastic industry both have their
| + | |
− | own advantages and disadvantages, which gives us some thoughts that we
| + | |
− | should use a dialectical
| + | |
− | thinking to evaluate our project in order to improve it. </span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>At the same time, we must </span><strong><span>pay attention to national
| + | |
− | standards</span></strong><span> when verifying the plastic
| + | |
− | degradation efficiency of our system.
| + | |
− | In response to the advice provided by Mrs. Sun, we made adjustments on
| + | |
− | our experimental design
| + | |
− | regarding the evaluation of plastic degradation by
| + | |
− | </span><strong><span>adding multiple means of
| + | |
− | instrumental analysis approach to evaluate the degradation of PE
| + | |
− | more
| + | |
− | comprehensively</span></strong><span>.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p> </p>
| + | |
− | <p><strong><span>Plastic disposal plant</span></strong><span>:</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Our last stop is the garbage treatment plant located in Jiaozishan. The
| + | |
− | unrecyclable PE, together
| + | |
− | with other urban garbage, were collected by the garbage disposal transit
| + | |
− | stations in all districts
| + | |
− | and counties and were transported to here, waiting for their final
| + | |
− | destinies.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>With the increase of the urban population and the improvement of people's
| + | |
− | living standards, the
| + | |
− | output of municipal solid waste is also increasing. According to
| + | |
− | statistics,
| + | |
− | </span><strong><span>two-thirds of China's 668 cities are surrounded by
| + | |
− | garbage</span></strong><span>. The total land area of garbage
| + | |
− | storage in the country has reached
| + | |
− | </span><strong><span>500 square kilometers</span></strong><span>, and
| + | |
− | </span><strong><span>one-quarter
| + | |
− | of the cities</span></strong><span> have developed to a stage
| + | |
− | where no suitable land is
| + | |
− | available for storage. China's municipal waste is growing at an
| + | |
− | annual rate of 8% to 10%,
| + | |
− | reaching 340 million tons by 2020.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>In the aerial photos on the Internet, the three urban garbage mountains just
| + | |
− | like three scars of
| + | |
− | Nanjing. Their impact on the natural environment may take hundreds of
| + | |
− | years to resolve.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Video 1: Three urban garbage mountains</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>The unrecyclable PE waste is transported to the landfill for sanitary burial.
| + | |
− | Such a treatment
| + | |
− | method makes the degradation of municipal solid waste very slow, not to
| + | |
− | mention the strategy of
| + | |
− | accelerating their degradation is relatively scarce. Thus, these
| + | |
− | accumulated waste will inevitably
| + | |
− | lead to a huge impact on the environment for a long time.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/4/42/T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--13.jpeg" alt="T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--13" style="zoom:25%;" />
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p class="imgdescribe"><span>Fig. 13: Interviewing the staff of the plastic disposal plant</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/6/6c/T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--14.jpeg" alt="T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--14" style="zoom:25%;" />
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p class="imgdescribe"><span>Fig. 14: Watching the scale video of the landfill site together with the
| + | |
− | staff</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>The technicians managing the landfill told us that the natural degradation
| + | |
− | process of municipal
| + | |
− | waste may be accompanied by occurrence of multiple physical, chemical
| + | |
− | and biological reactions in
| + | |
− | reality. During this process, </span><strong><span>microorganisms may
| + | |
− | play a leading role in
| + | |
− | biodegradation of the waste</span></strong><span>. Therefore, we
| + | |
− | suggest that
| + | |
− | </span><strong><span>applying</span></strong><span>
| + | |
− | </span><strong><span>biological
| + | |
− | factors</span></strong><span> to accelerate the disappearance of
| + | |
− | plastics in landfills should
| + | |
− | alleviate the serious white pollution.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <h3 id='summary'><span>SUMMARY</span></h3>
| + | |
− | <p><span>We shared the collected information with other members of the team. By
| + | |
− | integrating results of
| + | |
− | preliminary literature investigations and field researches feedback, a
| + | |
− | consensus was established in
| + | |
− | the whole team that </span><strong><span>microbes and their associate
| + | |
− | enzymes can play an important
| + | |
− | role in promoting degradation of many types of pollutants,
| + | |
− | including plastic
| + | |
− | wastes</span></strong><span>. So our team further skimmed
| + | |
− | through a lot of extra literatures and
| + | |
− | databases hoping to discover agents that have the potential to degrade
| + | |
− | PE. After putting up
| + | |
− | extensive efforts, we discovered </span><strong><span>manganese
| + | |
− | peroxidase</span></strong><span>
| + | |
− | (MnP), a lignin peroxidase derived from the white-rot fungus
| + | |
− | </span><em><span>Phanerochaete
| + | |
− | chrysosporium</span></em><span>. It has been reported in
| + | |
− | literature that MnP secreted by the
| + | |
− | fungus still has a significant degradation efficiency when applied on
| + | |
− | the PE film alone. Therefore,
| + | |
− | we decided to </span><strong><span>focus on this very enzyme and
| + | |
− | eventually designed a polyethylene
| + | |
− | degradation system based on three functional proteins, including
| + | |
− | MnP, and two connect
| + | |
− | systems.</span></strong><span> </span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>(To learn more about our project design, see
| + | |
− | </span><em><strong><span>Design</span></strong></em><span> page).</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>At the same time, we have </span><strong><span>clarified our product
| + | |
− | positioning</span></strong><span>. Our product, the polyethylene
| + | |
− | degradist (PEDe), can not only
| + | |
− | solve the pollution of the existing enormous amount of discarded PE
| + | |
− | waste towards the soil and
| + | |
− | water, but also improve the resource utilization rate so that the
| + | |
− | existing landfills can maximize
| + | |
− | their effectiveness. Therefore, our project can provide a positive
| + | |
− | influence for the environment.
| + | |
− | CPU_CHINA hopes that our efforts can help the world to recover from the
| + | |
− | burden of white
| + | |
− | pollutions.</span></p>
| + | |
| </div> | | </div> |
− | <div class="section" id="section3"> | + | <div class="paragraph clearfix"> |
− | <h2 id='made-our-voice-be-heard'><span>MADE OUR VOICE BE HEARD</span></h2>
| + | <img id="img3" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/b/bb/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Pic2.PNG" alt=""> |
− | <p><span>Listening to the world allows us to establish the themes, design and
| + | <p id="p3">In order to ensure the integrity and safety of goods in express transportation, express |
− | application ideas of our
| + | enterprises often need to package goods.</p> |
− | project. Afterwards, we continued to send out evaluation invitations to
| + | |
− | stakeholders, government
| + | |
− | agencies, etc., trying to get meaningful feedback from them to benefit
| + | |
− | the entire project and make
| + | |
− | our voice be heard by the world.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <h3 id='industry-exhibition--market-development-forum'><span>INDUSTRY EXHIBITION &
| + | |
− | MARKET DEVELOPMENT
| + | |
− | FORUM</span></h3>
| + | |
− | <p><span>In order to further </span><strong><span>explore the market system and
| + | |
− | determine the business model
| + | |
− | of our product</span></strong><span>, CPU_CHINA participated in
| + | |
− | the </span><em><span>2021 China
| + | |
− | (Nanjing) Plastics Industry Exhibition & Biodegradable
| + | |
− | Plastics Chemical Technology and
| + | |
− | Market Development Forum</span></em><span> held in Nanjing
| + | |
− | International Exhibition Center on
| + | |
− | June 17, 2021. On this exhibition, we interviewed stakeholders from
| + | |
− | Wujiang Green Forest Resources
| + | |
− | Recycling Company Limited and SANER International.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/c/cc/T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--15.jpeg" alt="T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--15" style="zoom:25%;" />
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p class="imgdescribe"><span>Fig. 15: Industry Exhibition & Market Development Forum visit card</span>
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p><strong><span>Wujiang Green Forest Resources Recycling Company
| + | |
− | Limited</span></strong></p>
| + | |
− | <p><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/c/cc/T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--16.jpeg" alt="T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--16" style="zoom:25%;" />
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p class="imgdescribe"><span>Fig. 16: Taking photo with Mrs. Lin</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Interviewee: Mrs. Lin, General Manager.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Enterprise attributes: Recycle and utilization of renewable resources</span>
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Interview content: </span></p>
| + | |
− | <ol start=''>
| + | |
− | <li><span>A Brief introduction of the main business of the enterprise.</span>
| + | |
− | </li>
| + | |
− | </ol>
| + | |
− | <p><span>The enterprise recycles scraps, defective products generated in the factory and
| + | |
− | daily necessities
| + | |
− | (cosmetics, toiletries). They set up sorting points and deep-processing
| + | |
− | plants in China and Japan to
| + | |
− | classify and recycle the collected plastic waste. With the help of
| + | |
− | physical, chemical and other
| + | |
− | kinds of methods, plastic waste is transformed into new plastic
| + | |
− | particles.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <ol start='2'>
| + | |
− | <li><span>The source of plastic waste.</span></li>
| + | |
− | </ol>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Most of the recycled plastic waste comes from China. The current recycling
| + | |
− | situation is relatively
| + | |
− | good. The recyclable plastic waste will be purchased directly from
| + | |
− | plastic manufactories or
| + | |
− | companies. Compared with recycling from the garbage disposal station, it
| + | |
− | is more efficient and more
| + | |
− | professional. A part of the domestic waste collected by the recycling
| + | |
− | station can also be used, but
| + | |
− | specific evaluation and classification are required.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <ol start='3'>
| + | |
− | <li><span>The prospects of the plastics market.</span></li>
| + | |
− | </ol>
| + | |
− | <p><span>According to the current orientation of policies in China, and the development
| + | |
− | trend of global
| + | |
− | environmental protection, the future plastics market will definitely
| + | |
− | develop towards the direction
| + | |
− | of degradability and recycling. Degradable plastics can solve the
| + | |
− | problem of plastic pollution from
| + | |
− | the source, while plastic recycling uses different technologies to make
| + | |
− | recycled discarded plastics
| + | |
− | into plastic particles for reuse, which can create greater economic
| + | |
− | value. But there is still a long
| + | |
− | way to go for the ideal future.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <ol start='4'>
| + | |
− | <li><span>Advice on our project of plastic degradation.</span></li>
| + | |
− | </ol>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Mr. Lin expressed appreciation on our ideas, but he also pointed out that we
| + | |
− | must pay attention to
| + | |
− | practical issues, such as cost and budgets, as well as the project's
| + | |
− | possibility to be applied
| + | |
− | to reality, etc. He reminded us that the transformation of technology
| + | |
− | into products is a difficult
| + | |
− | process, thus we should contact various stakeholders for suggestions,
| + | |
− | and analyze the economic
| + | |
− | effects that can be created by our products.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p> </p>
| + | |
− | <p><strong><span>SANER International</span></strong></p>
| + | |
− | <p><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/8/84/T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--17.jpeg" alt="T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--17" style="zoom:25%;" />
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p class="imgdescribe"><span>Fig. 17: Taking photo with manager Shen</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Interviewee: Manager Shen</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Enterprise attributes: Recycling and reusing of plastic</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Interview content: </span></p>
| + | |
− | <ol start=''>
| + | |
− | <li><span>Main business of the enterprise.</span></li>
| + | |
− | </ol>
| + | |
− | <p><span>The main business of the company is to recycle waste plastic and use them to
| + | |
− | produce new plastic
| + | |
− | products through crushing, washing, and pelletizing. But unlike other
| + | |
− | companies, the main raw
| + | |
− | materials of this company are plastics in household waste.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <ol start='2'>
| + | |
− | <li><span>The main source of raw materials.</span></li>
| + | |
− | </ol>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Most of them come from Europe, America, Japan and other regions. Only a small
| + | |
− | amount of them comes
| + | |
− | from China. Because the foreign waste classification system is more
| + | |
− | mature and the plastic recycling
| + | |
− | market is also more developed, the recycling work is easier. China's
| + | |
− | garbage classification
| + | |
− | started later and there are still many areas that need to be
| + | |
− | improved.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p> </p>
| + | |
− | <p><strong><span>Summary</span></strong></p>
| + | |
− | <ol start=''>
| + | |
− | <li>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Through communication with stakeholders, based on their
| + | |
− | feedback, we learned that besides
| + | |
− | technology itself, we also need to pay attention to the
| + | |
− | process of transforming technology
| + | |
− | into products and assess the economic benefits of
| + | |
− | products. Therefore, after that, we
| + | |
− | </span><strong><span>made a business plan for
| + | |
− | PEDe</span></strong><span> to analyze the market
| + | |
− | or competition and formulate marketing strategies.
| + | |
− | </span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><em><strong><span>For details, please see(“ENTREPRENEURSHIP”
| + | |
− | link)</span></strong></em></p>
| + | |
− | </li>
| + | |
− | <li>
| + | |
− | <p><span>We were reminded that the domestic waste classification is not
| + | |
− | yet mature enough, as it is
| + | |
− | the reason why the raw materials for plastic recycling
| + | |
− | come from foreign regions. Therefore,
| + | |
− | we decided to </span><strong><span>use the iGEM platform
| + | |
− | to promote the importance of waste
| + | |
− | sorting to the masses, hoping to raise public
| + | |
− | awareness of waste
| + | |
− | sorting.</span></strong><span> Based on this, we
| + | |
− | have opened a waste sorting publicity
| + | |
− | activity. </span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><em><strong><span>For details, please see (“EDUCATION”
| + | |
− | link)</span></strong></em></p>
| + | |
− | </li>
| + | |
− | </ol>
| + | |
− | <p> </p>
| + | |
− | <h3 id='environmental-protection-online'><span>ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ONLINE</span>
| + | |
− | </h3>
| + | |
− | <p><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/e/e0/T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--18.jpeg" alt="T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--18" style="zoom:25%;" />
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>(Fig. 18: Taking photo with manager Wang)</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Interviewee: Manager Wang</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Enterprise attributes: "Internet Plus" service platform for
| + | |
− | environmental protection
| + | |
− | industry</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Interview content: </span></p>
| + | |
− | <ol start=''>
| + | |
− | <li><span>Main business of the enterprise.</span></li>
| + | |
− | </ol>
| + | |
− | <p><span>The main purpose of this enterprise is to build an information exchange
| + | |
− | platform for green
| + | |
− | companies, such as degradable plastic production companies and plastic
| + | |
− | recycling companies, to
| + | |
− | display their marketing and purchasing information. Also, the platform
| + | |
− | promotes environmental
| + | |
− | protection technologies, as well as pollution control methods on a daily
| + | |
− | basis. There are websites
| + | |
− | and apps ready for use.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <ol start='2'>
| + | |
− | <li><span>Advice on our project of plastic degradation.</span></li>
| + | |
− | </ol>
| + | |
− | <p><span>There are many companies in this area that they have cooperated with. From an
| + | |
− | academic point of
| + | |
− | view, our idea and technology are with high value and significance,
| + | |
− | which is awesome and worth of
| + | |
− | praise. When these technologies become more mature, Environmental
| + | |
− | Protection Online is willing to
| + | |
− | cooperate with CPU_CHINA to further promote our products and
| + | |
− | concepts.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <ol start='3'>
| + | |
− | <li><span>Suggestions for the promotion of the CPU_CHINA project</span></li>
| + | |
− | </ol>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Nowadays, young people are becoming more accustomed to receiving information
| + | |
− | from the Internet,
| + | |
− | without the rapid development of online social media not could be true.
| + | |
− | Therefore, CPU_CHINA can
| + | |
− | make use of Weibo, Bilibili, YouTube and other online platforms to
| + | |
− | expand influence when promoting
| + | |
− | our project. In addition, we can implement some more interesting ways to
| + | |
− | attract public
| + | |
− | attentions.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p> </p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Conclusion:</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Members of human practices gained a lot from this conversation. Based on the
| + | |
− | inspiration we
| + | |
− | acquired, </span><strong><span>CPU_CHINA set up official accounts on
| + | |
− | major social platforms, planned
| + | |
− | an art exhibition named Meddy: Relight My Star and produced
| + | |
− | comic strips.</span></strong><span>
| + | |
− | All of these have won the favor of the public and provided great help
| + | |
− | for the promotion of our
| + | |
− | project.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><em><strong><span>For details, please see (“EDUCATION” and "MEDDY"
| + | |
− | link)</span></strong></em>
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p> </p>
| + | |
− | <h3 id='ecology-environment-bureau-of-nanjing'><span>ECOLOGY ENVIRONMENT BUREAU OF
| + | |
− | NANJING</span></h3>
| + | |
− | <p><span>After determining the project positioning and related technologies, we
| + | |
− | contacted the staff of
| + | |
− | Ecology Environment Bureau of Nanjing by phone and consulted their
| + | |
− | opinions on our project. </span>
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>The Ecology Environment Bureau is a functional organization of the local
| + | |
− | government in charge of
| + | |
− | environmental protection. </span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>(Pic 19)</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><u><span>(</span><em><span>The marketization of public services does not mean the
| + | |
− | transfer of government
| + | |
− | 's responsibility. So the Ecology Environment Bureau
| + | |
− | is still responsible for
| + | |
− | supervision and
| + | |
− | management.</span></em><span>)</span></u></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>After inquiring relevant laws and regulations, we found that the government has
| + | |
− | paid great
| + | |
− | attention to the phenomenon of excessive packaging in the express
| + | |
− | industry and has issued
| + | |
− | regulations to restrict it. The Ecology Environment Bureau of Nanjing
| + | |
− | expressed support for our
| + | |
− | project and advised us to </span><strong><span>focus on the practical
| + | |
− | meaning of this
| + | |
− | project</span></strong><span>. The staff suggested that we try
| + | |
− | to advertise the project for
| + | |
− | investment through various ways, and transform the project into products
| + | |
− | when the technology is
| + | |
− | mature. At the same time, we should determine the product orientation
| + | |
− | for subsequent promotion. They
| + | |
− | also reminded us to focus on risk assessment and control as the project
| + | |
− | proceed.</span></p>
| + | |
| </div> | | </div> |
− | <div class="section" id="section4"> | + | <p id="transition">When the package arrives in the hands of consumers, packaging materials turn into packaging |
− | <h2 id='practise-in-reality'><span>PRACTISE IN REALITY</span></h2>
| + | waste.</p> |
− | <h3 id='end-user'><span>END USER</span></h3>
| + | </div> |
− | <p><span>The main end users of our product are garbage disposal plants and government
| + | <div id="second"> |
− | environmental
| + | <div id="layer"> |
− | protection departments, supplemented by non-profit organizations,
| + | <img class="rubbish" id="rubbish1" data-depth='1.00' data-type='parallax' |
− | ecological restoration companies,
| + | src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/8/86/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Rubbish1.png" alt=""> |
− | and biotechnology companies.</span></p>
| + | <img class="rubbish" id="rubbish2" data-depth='0.80' data-type='parallax' |
− | <h3 id='how-to-use'><span>HOW TO USE</span></h3>
| + | src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/b/b4/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Rubbish2.PNG" alt=""> |
− | <p><span>Our entire system can be distributed to users in the form of protein/nucleic | + | <img class="rubbish" id="rubbish3" data-depth='0.10' data-type=' parallax' |
− | acid freeze-dried
| + | src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/0/0e/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Rubbish3.GIF" alt=""> |
− | powder. A set of product includes four types of protein freeze-dried
| + | <img class="rubbish" id="rubbish4" data-depth='0.50' data-type='parallax' |
− | powders and four types of
| + | src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/4/47/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Rubbish4.PNG" alt=""> |
− | nucleic acid freeze-dried powders. After receiving the product, the user
| + | |
− | only needs to re-dissolve
| + | |
− | the powder into designated solutions, and assemble the entire
| + | |
− | degradation system in a few simple
| + | |
− | steps as instructed. Subsequently, the assembled system can be directly
| + | |
− | applied to the surface of
| + | |
− | PE. By adding the required substrate solution, the degradation reactions
| + | |
− | will be activated.</span>
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <h3 id='how-to-implement'><span>HOW TO IMPLEMENT</span></h3>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Based on the novelty of our plastic degradation product, PEDe will start
| + | |
− | promoting from a small
| + | |
− | scale. Taking the Jiaozishan Landfill, Tianjingwa Landfill, and Shuige
| + | |
− | Landfill in Nanjing as
| + | |
− | examples, the construction of the three landfills have played a vital
| + | |
− | role in solving domestic
| + | |
− | garbage outlet and realizing harmless waste treatment for the city. We
| + | |
− | planned to set the three
| + | |
− | Nanjing municipal landfills as the starting point of our product, to
| + | |
− | explore the commercialization
| + | |
− | potential of PEDe. Through seeking cooperation with the government,
| + | |
− | biotechnology companies and
| + | |
− | non-profit organizations, a transaction can be concluded with the
| + | |
− | landfill to degrade the collected
| + | |
− | PE plastic waste. And by gradually expanding the product market, we hope
| + | |
− | to realize a comprehensive
| + | |
− | development in many provinces and cities across the country, and finally
| + | |
− | promote out product to the
| + | |
− | world.
| + | |
− | </span><em><strong><span>(“Entrepreneurship”link)</span></strong></em></p>
| + | |
− | <h3 id='future'><span>FUTURE</span></h3>
| + | |
− | <p><strong><span>Comprehensive ecological restoration</span></strong></p> | + | |
− | <p><span>Based on the principle, the final product of this project has the potential of
| + | |
− | degrading polycyclic
| + | |
− | aromatic hydrocarbons, azo dye and other organic pollutants in addition
| + | |
− | to PE, which are also the
| + | |
− | causes of water and soil pollution. Therefore, PEDe can be used to
| + | |
− | explore more possibilities in the
| + | |
− | field of ecological restoration beyond degrading PE, such as cooperating
| + | |
− | with ecological restoration
| + | |
− | companies to help them complete the comprehensive management of the
| + | |
− | ecological environment.</span>
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p><em><span>"Nowadays, the Chinese government pays more attention to the negative
| + | |
− | impact on the
| + | |
− | environment during the process of economic development, and
| + | |
− | continues to increase its efforts in
| + | |
− | environmental governance. The 19th National Congress of the
| + | |
− | Communist Party of China clearly
| + | |
− | stated that efforts should be made to solve environmental
| + | |
− | problems, and the government has
| + | |
− | issued relevant policies to promote water and soil conservation,
| + | |
− | urban ecological restoration,
| + | |
− | land management, river, lake and wetland protection, marine
| + | |
− | ecological protection and other
| + | |
− | fields. With the strong support of national policies and the
| + | |
− | rapid growth of market demand, the
| + | |
− | ecological restoration industry has developed rapidly and the
| + | |
− | market scale has continued to
| + | |
− | expand. From 2015 to 2019, the scale of fixed asset investment
| + | |
− | in China's ecological
| + | |
− | protection and environmental governance industry has gradually
| + | |
− | increased, with an average annual
| + | |
− | compound growth rate of 21.27%, and the market size is expected
| + | |
− | to reach 956.3 billion yuan in
| + | |
− | 2021. At the same time, traditional landscaping companies have
| + | |
− | been seeking business
| + | |
− | breakthroughs and transformations. Their business structure has
| + | |
− | clearly shifted to the field of
| + | |
− | ecological protection and restoration; enterprises in the
| + | |
− | industry are gradually developing
| + | |
− | towards comprehensive ecological restoration. The future of the
| + | |
− | ecological restoration industry
| + | |
− | has unlimited potential!"</span></em></p>
| + | |
− | <p><strong><span>Advantages of the connect system</span></strong></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Although the function of the final product of this project focuses on using the
| + | |
− | synergy of
| + | |
− | functional proteins to accelerate the green degradation of PE plastic,
| + | |
− | the CRISPR/dCas9 anchoring
| + | |
− | system used to connect functional proteins has quite flexible modularity
| + | |
− | and programmability. That
| + | |
− | is, through the special sequence design of the double-stranded DNA, the
| + | |
− | spacing, number and
| + | |
− | arrangement of the binding sites of the dCas9: sgRNA complex on the
| + | |
− | chain can be customized.
| + | |
− | Combining with the SpyCatcher/SpyTag connection system, the anchor of an
| + | |
− | ordered assay of functional
| + | |
− | proteins can be achieved. </span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span> Studies have shown that using this system to connect enzymes on specific
| + | |
− | metabolic pathways in
| + | |
− | series can effectively accelerate the rate of conversion of the original
| + | |
− | substrate into the target
| + | |
− | product, and greatly increase the yield of the target product. That is
| + | |
− | to say, the design of the
| + | |
− | double connection system, combined with diversified functional proteins
| + | |
− | or enzymes, complexes with
| + | |
− | distinct function can be generated, enabling them to play a role in many
| + | |
− | known or potential fields,
| + | |
− | such as industrial production, basic scientific research, analysis and
| + | |
− | testing!</span></p>
| + | |
− | <hr />
| + | |
| </div> | | </div> |
− | <div class="section" id="section5"> | + | <div id="layer2"> |
− | <h2 id='experts'><span>EXPERTS</span></h2>
| + | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/8/8a/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Rubbish.gif" alt=""> |
− | <ol>
| + | |
− | <li>
| + | |
− | <p><span>“Increasing the concentration of linearized plasmid and freshly
| + | |
− | preparing your competent
| + | |
− | cell, these two methods may improve your high-voltage
| + | |
− | electroporation.”</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><img src="10:38, 21 October 2021" alt="T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--20"
| + | |
− | style="zoom:25%;" /></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Two methods to improve electroporation</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Yucheng Zhao</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span> </span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><em><strong><span>*</span><span>Background</span><span>*</span></strong></em><span>
| + | |
− | </span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>We chose </span><strong><span>Pichia
| + | |
− | pastoris</span></strong><span> as our major
| + | |
− | chassis
| + | |
− | and planned to transfer vectors into
| + | |
− | </span><strong><span>P.pastoris</span></strong><span>
| + | |
− | by electroporation. This was a vital step in our whole
| + | |
− | project, which determined whether or
| + | |
− | not
| + | |
− | </span><strong><span>P.pastoris</span></strong><span> could
| + | |
− | express the proteins we hope
| + | |
− | to get. In order to polish our electroporation methods,
| + | |
− | we turned to a professor in this
| + | |
− | field for advice.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><em><strong><span>*</span><span>Why was this person
| + | |
− | contacted?</span><span>*</span></strong></em>
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>We expect some professional suggestions on the electroporation
| + | |
− | of
| + | |
− | </span><strong><span>P.pastoris</span></strong><span>. Luckily,
| + | |
− | we got contact with Yucheng
| + | |
− | Zhao, an expert in China Pharmaceutical University, who
| + | |
− | is major in synthetic biology and
| + | |
− | metabolic engineering.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><em><strong><span>*</span><span>What we have
| + | |
− | learned?</span><span>*</span></strong></em>
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Dr. Zhao provided us with better ways of electroporation. Among
| + | |
− | those, he emphasized the
| + | |
− | importance of linearized plasmid concentration.
| + | |
− | According to him, the higher concentration,
| + | |
− | the better electroporation result would be. Besides, he
| + | |
− | mentioned that we should freshly
| + | |
− | prepare the competent cells. Finally, he assisted us
| + | |
− | with the preparation and then we
| + | |
− | gradually mastered this skill. Taken his advice, our
| + | |
− | experiment went more smoothly.</span>
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p> </p>
| + | |
− | </li>
| + | |
− | </ol>
| + | |
− | <ol start='2'>
| + | |
− | <li>
| + | |
− | <p><span>“You should evaluate the plastic degradation from not only
| + | |
− | qualitative but also
| + | |
− | quantitative perspectives.”</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span> </span><img src="10:45, 21 October 2021"
| + | |
− | referrerpolicy="no-referrer"
| + | |
− | alt="T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--21"></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Instruments of detecting degradation products of polyethylene
| + | |
− | </span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Wenyuan Liu</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span> </span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><em><strong><span>*</span><span>Background</span><span>*</span></strong></em><span>
| + | |
− | </span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Our project is about using enzyme complex to degrade plastic
| + | |
− | waste. Because of that, how to
| + | |
− | measure the degree of plastic degradation is an urgent
| + | |
− | problem for us to solve.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><em><strong><span>*</span><span>Why was this person
| + | |
− | contacted?</span><span>*</span></strong></em>
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Dr. Liu, a professor from China Pharmaceutical University, is
| + | |
− | expert in Pharmaceutical and
| + | |
− | instrumental analysis research. We hoped to get some
| + | |
− | advice on degradation detecting
| + | |
− | instruments. So, we interviewed her on those
| + | |
− | questions.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><em><strong><span>*</span><span>What we have
| + | |
− | learned?</span><span>*</span></strong></em>
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>We learned from Dr. Liu that there were corresponding national
| + | |
− | standard documents
| + | |
− | containing methods for the analysis of polyethylene
| + | |
− | degradation, such as Fourier transform
| + | |
− | infrared spectroscopy, high temperature gel permeation
| + | |
− | chromatography and so forth.
| + | |
− | Moreover, she suggested us to evaluate the plastic
| + | |
− | degradation from not only qualitative but
| + | |
− | also quantitative perspectives. Therefore, we decided to
| + | |
− | apply multiple instrumental methods
| + | |
− | to better evaluate the degrading effect of our
| + | |
− | system.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p> </p>
| + | |
− | </li>
| + | |
− | </ol>
| + | |
− | <ol start='3'>
| + | |
− | <li>
| + | |
− | <p><span>“When choosing samples for trail, take their additives into
| + | |
− | account.”</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>“It is usually measured by multi means to reflect the
| + | |
− | degradation degree.”</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>“Significant degradation of polyethylene material requires
| + | |
− | about 3 months, but microcosmic
| + | |
− | changes also mean a lot.”</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><img src="10:41, 21 October 2021" alt="T--CPU_CHINA--IHP--22"
| + | |
− | style="zoom:25%;" /></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Commented on our projects, provided detailed feedback on
| + | |
− | problems we occurred during
| + | |
− | project development.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Chaomin Sun, xx/xx/2021</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><em><strong><span>*</span><span>Background</span><span>*</span></strong></em><span>
| + | |
− | </span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>While designing our project, we happened to know Prof. Sun,
| + | |
− | whose research provided us with
| + | |
− | much inspiration. We managed to interviewed him, and
| + | |
− | received precious advice on the whole
| + | |
− | process of our project.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><em><strong><span>*</span><span>Why was this person
| + | |
− | contacted?</span><span>*</span></strong></em>
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Chaomin Sun is a professor from Institute of Oceanology,
| + | |
− | Chinese Academy of Sciences.
| + | |
− | During the early stage of our project, we got to know
| + | |
− | Prof. Sun by his latest paper
| + | |
− | </span><strong><span>A marine bacterial community capable of
| + | |
− | degrading poly(ethylene
| + | |
− | terephthalate) and
| + | |
− | polyethylene</span></strong><span> on
| + | |
− | </span><strong><span>Journal of
| + | |
− | Hazardous Materials</span></strong><span>. This
| + | |
− | paper is about enzymes derived from
| + | |
− | bacteria which have the potential to degrade
| + | |
− | polyethylene and this result served as a
| + | |
− | confirmation of our idea. Considering that, we were
| + | |
− | hoping to interview Prof. Sun about the
| + | |
− | possibility of microorganism or microorganism-derived
| + | |
− | protein in degrading polyethylene.
| + | |
− | And, if possible, sought some guidance from him. So, we
| + | |
− | tried to contact Prof. Sun and his
| + | |
− | team members by e-mail.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><em><strong><span>*</span><span>What we have
| + | |
− | learned?</span><span>*</span></strong></em>
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>We obtained many insightful opinions and kind advice from Prof.
| + | |
− | Sun. He pointed out that
| + | |
− | although enzymes are with better specificity and higher
| + | |
− | efficiency, they are generally less
| + | |
− | robust and are tend to be inactivated under
| + | |
− | non-physiological conditions. As a solution to
| + | |
− | this issue, we firstly characterized the stability of
| + | |
− | our key PE-degrading enzyme, MnP,
| + | |
− | under different physiochemical environment, then we
| + | |
− | applied semi-rational directed evolution
| + | |
− | on it to obtain mutants that have better tolerance on
| + | |
− | higher temperature, more acidic pH as
| + | |
− | well as higher concentrations of organic solvents. Prof.
| + | |
− | Sun also reminded us that we shall
| + | |
− | choose PE samples without additives so that the
| + | |
− | PE-degradation ability of our system would
| + | |
− | not be affected by this factor. Therefore, we cut PE
| + | |
− | flakes from PE gloves that are not only
| + | |
− | deprived of additives, but also resemble PE packaging
| + | |
− | applied in real world scenarios. Also,
| + | |
− | Prof. Sun suggested us to apply multiple means to detect
| + | |
− | PE degradation, as well as extend
| + | |
− | the processing duration of our system on PE, so that to
| + | |
− | increase the chance for us to
| + | |
− | observe degradation effect. Therefore, we revised our
| + | |
− | strategy of incubation to make sure
| + | |
− | the activity of our degrading system remains
| + | |
− | optimal.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p> </p>
| + | |
− | </li>
| + | |
− | </ol>
| + | |
− | <ol start='4'>
| + | |
− | <li>
| + | |
− | <p><span>“Due to the relative inert properties of polyethylene, it is
| + | |
− | better to apply physical
| + | |
− | and/or chemical pretreatments on PE before the
| + | |
− | bio-degrading strategy kicks in.”</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Pretreatment of trail samples is necessary</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Bian Wu</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><em><strong><span>*</span><span>Background</span><span>*</span></strong></em><span>
| + | |
− | </span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>During the final stage of our experiment, we constructed every
| + | |
− | part and incubated the
| + | |
− | complex with plastic samples. Before incubation, how to
| + | |
− | process the sample became a Gordian
| + | |
− | knot. To solve this problem, we sought assistant from
| + | |
− | Prof. Wu. </span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><em><strong><span>*</span><span>Why was this person
| + | |
− | contacted?</span><span>*</span></strong></em>
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Prof. Wu is from Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of
| + | |
− | Sciences, who is working on
| + | |
− | mining, mechanism-analyzing and engineering of
| + | |
− | biocatalysis-related component. We turned to
| + | |
− | him for help, hoping to receive some practical
| + | |
− | advice.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><em><strong><span>*</span><span>What we have
| + | |
− | learned?</span><span>*</span></strong></em>
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Prof. Wu affirmed our project design idea and told us that due
| + | |
− | to the relative inert
| + | |
− | properties of polyethylene, it is better to apply
| + | |
− | physical and/or chemical pretreatments on
| + | |
− | PE before the bio-degrading strategy kicks in. In
| + | |
− | respond to his advice, we searched for
| + | |
− | articles about PE pretreatment and discovered
| + | |
− | UV-radiation and thermal pretreatments are two
| + | |
− | common approaches. We also noticed one specific article
| + | |
− | verified that adding Tween-80 in the
| + | |
− | system showed an accelerated efficacy for MnP to degrade
| + | |
− | PE. Therefore, we add Tween-80 into
| + | |
− | the PE-enzyme mixture to see whether it could enhance
| + | |
− | the degradation effect of MnP.</span>
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | </li>
| + | |
− | </ol>
| + | |
− | <p><span> </span></p>
| + | |
− | <ol start='5'>
| + | |
− | <li>
| + | |
− | <p><span>“Using ion exchange column to purify your protein may be a
| + | |
− | better choice.”</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Expression and purification about protein derived from
| + | |
− | </span><strong><span>P.pastoris</span></strong></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Xiaoqiong Pei, xx/xx/2021</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><em><strong><span>*</span><span>Background</span><span>*</span></strong></em><span>
| + | |
− | </span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><strong><span>P.pastoris</span></strong><span> is the main producer
| + | |
− | for our protein. While
| + | |
− | breeding
| + | |
− | </span><strong><span>P.pastoris</span></strong><span> and
| + | |
− | purifying the protein, we
| + | |
− | faced some problems. AAO, one of our enzymes, seemed to
| + | |
− | be blocked from smoothly secreting.
| + | |
− | Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography is the
| + | |
− | common method of protein purification.
| + | |
− | However, when purifying the protein containing His-tag,
| + | |
− | we found that we can hardly harvest
| + | |
− | our target protein. Based on problems above, we
| + | |
− | contacted Dr. Pei with the help of
| + | |
− | UESTC_China.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><em><strong><span>*</span><span>Why was this person
| + | |
− | contacted?</span><span>*</span></strong></em>
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Dr. Pei is from Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy
| + | |
− | of Science, and is an expert
| + | |
− | in
| + | |
− | </span><strong><span>P.pastoris.</span></strong><span> We talked
| + | |
− | with her about our
| + | |
− | problems and got valuable feedback.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><em><strong><span>*</span><span>What we have
| + | |
− | learned?</span><span>*</span></strong></em>
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>According to Dr. Pei,
| + | |
− | </span><strong><span>P.pastoris</span></strong><span> usually
| + | |
− | fails
| + | |
− | to perfectly express protein containing His-tag. Upon
| + | |
− | most occasions, the His-tag is
| + | |
− | abnormal. As a result, the most common method for
| + | |
− | protein purification, immobilized metal
| + | |
− | ion affinity chromatography with IMAC elution, is not
| + | |
− | proper any longer. In this
| + | |
− | circumstance, ion exchange column can be a good
| + | |
− | substitution. Taking that, we communicate
| + | |
− | with UESTC_China, a team facing the same problem with
| + | |
− | us, and created novel and improved
| + | |
− | purification methods. </span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>For AAO, the failure of expression can be caused by many kinds
| + | |
− | of reasons from
| + | |
− | transcription to translation. Dr. Pei suggested us that
| + | |
− | we get the protein by lysing the
| + | |
− | cells, and then check the enzyme activity. Besides, take
| + | |
− | care of the abnormalities at the
| + | |
− | transcriptional level. Because of that, we designed
| + | |
− | supplementary trail of qPCR, hoping to
| + | |
− | further analyze the problems.</span></p>
| + | |
− | </li>
| + | |
− | </ol>
| + | |
− | <p><span> </span></p>
| + | |
− | <ol start='6'>
| + | |
− | <li>
| + | |
− | <p><span>“Before applying for a patent, make sure that your product is
| + | |
− | novel, creative and
| + | |
− | practical.”</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Precautions on patent application</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Weiguang Li, xx/xx/2021</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><em><strong><span>*</span><span>Background</span><span>*</span></strong></em><span>
| + | |
− | </span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>The commercialization of scientific and technological
| + | |
− | achievements is a recently trend.
| + | |
− | Through this transformation, we can bring the invention
| + | |
− | out of lab and then into our daily
| + | |
− | life, improving its practicability. It is more possible
| + | |
− | for us to solve the social problems
| + | |
− | in this way. However, one of the essential steps in this
| + | |
− | process is patent application. In
| + | |
− | this regard, we turned to intellectual property advisors
| + | |
− | for help.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><em><strong><span>*</span><span>Why was this person
| + | |
− | contacted?</span><span>*</span></strong></em>
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Weiguang Li, a lecturer from Intellectual Property Information
| + | |
− | Service Center, China
| + | |
− | Pharmaceutical University, is experienced in
| + | |
− | intellectual property. We interviewed him for
| + | |
− | details about patent application and related
| + | |
− | notices.</span></p>
| + | |
− | <p><em><strong><span>*</span><span>What we have
| + | |
− | learned?</span><span>*</span></strong></em>
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p><span>Our project belongs to innovation patent. However, before
| + | |
− | applying for a patent, we should
| + | |
− | make sure that our product is novel, creative and
| + | |
− | practical. So, we widely searched for the
| + | |
− | similar patents, analyzing their characteristics and
| + | |
− | effects. And in the further design of
| + | |
− | our project, we paid extra attention on its
| + | |
− | practicability.</span></p>
| + | |
− | </li>
| + | |
− | </ol>
| + | |
− | <p><span> </span></p>
| + | |
| </div> | | </div> |
| + | <div id="layer3"> |
| + | <p class="polution polution1">However, the way of PE plastic recycling is not ideal, which will bring us |
| + | serious excessive loss of resources and environmental pollution.</p> |
| + | <img class="pimg1" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/d/d8/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--badRecycle.GIF" |
| + | alt=""> |
| + | <p class="polution polution2">Among them, PE plastic is the most widely used in express packaging, and PE |
| + | production accounts for about 1 / 4 of the total plastic production.</p> |
| + | <img class="pimg2" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/f/f4/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--quater.GIF" |
| + | alt=""> |
| + | <p class="polution polution3">But, luckily</p> |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
| + | <p id="anchor1"></p> |
| + | <div id="sticky"> |
| + | <canvas id="iphone-se" width="1024" height="587"></canvas> |
| + | </div> |
| + | <p id="anchor2"></p> |
| + | <div id="third"> |
| + | <div id="machine"> |
| + | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/6/63/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--mouseguiding.GIF" alt=""> |
| + | <p class="area1"> |
| + | <img :src="defaultImg['machineImg0']" alt="" style="width: 37.304%;" @mouseover="moveOn(0)" |
| + | @mouseleave="moveLeave(0)"> |
| + | <img :src="defaultImg['machineImg1']" alt="" style="width: 23.34%;" @mouseover="moveOn(1)" @mouseleave="moveLeave(1)"> |
| + | <img :src="defaultImg['machineImg2']" alt="" style="width: 39.306%;" @mouseover="moveOn(2)" |
| + | @mouseleave="moveLeave(2)"> |
| + | </p> |
| + | <img :src="defaultImg['machineImg3']" alt="" style="width: 100%;" @mouseover="moveOn(3)" @mouseleave="moveLeave(3)"> |
| + | <img :src="defaultImg['machineImg4']" alt="" style="width: 100%;" @mouseover="moveOn(4)" @mouseleave="moveLeave(4)"> |
| + | </div> |
| + | <img width="60%" :src="describe" alt=""> |
| </div> | | </div> |
| + | <ul id="last"> |
| + | <li v-for="item in drugs"> |
| + | <a :href="item.url"> |
| + | <img :src="item.img " @mouseover="overItem(item)" @mouseleave="leaveItem(item)" alt=""> |
| + | <p @mouseover="overItem(item)" @mouseleave="leaveItem(item)">{{item.name}}</p> |
| + | </a> |
| + | </li> |
| + | </ul> |
| <footer> | | <footer> |
| <div id="sponsor"> | | <div id="sponsor"> |
Line 1,226: |
Line 505: |
| <script | | <script |
| src="https://2021.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title= Template:CPU_CHINA/common_JS &action=raw&ctype=text/javascript"></script> | | src="https://2021.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title= Template:CPU_CHINA/common_JS &action=raw&ctype=text/javascript"></script> |
| + | <script |
| + | src='https://2021.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title= Template:CPU_CHINA/PxLoader &action=raw&ctype=text/javascript'></script> |
| + | <script |
| + | src='https://2021.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title= Template:CPU_CHINA/PxLoaderImg &action=raw&ctype=text/javascript'></script> |
| + | <script |
| + | src='https://2021.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title= Template:CPU_CHINA/JqueryAjax &action=raw&ctype=text/javascript'></script> |
| + | <script> |
| + | var imgSrcArr = [ |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/3/3a/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Team2.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/5/50/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--MnPiDEC.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/b/b5/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--HP2.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/1/1e/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Modeling2.png" |
| + | ] |
| + | var imgWrap = []; |
| + | |
| + | function preloadImg(arr) { |
| + | for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { |
| + | imgWrap[i] = new Image(); |
| + | imgWrap[i].src = arr[i]; |
| + | } |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | preloadImg(imgSrcArr); |
| + | |
| + | //或者延迟的文档加载完毕在加载图片 |
| + | |
| + | $(function () { |
| + | preloadImg(imgSrcArr); |
| + | }) |
| + | </script> |
| + | <script> |
| + | window.addEventListener('scroll', function (event) { |
| + | if ($(window).scrollTop() >= $('#layer').offset().top) { |
| + | var depth, i, rubbish, rubbishs, len, movement, topDistance, translate3d; |
| + | topDistance = this.pageYOffset - ($('#layer').offset().top + 150); |
| + | rubbishs = document.querySelectorAll("[data-type='parallax']"); |
| + | for (i = 0, len = rubbishs.length; i < len; i++) { |
| + | rubbish = rubbishs[i]; |
| + | depth = rubbish.getAttribute('data-depth'); |
| + | movement = -(topDistance * depth); |
| + | translate3d = 'translate3d(0, ' + movement + 'px, 0)'; |
| + | rubbish.style['-webkit-transform'] = translate3d; |
| + | rubbish.style['-moz-transform'] = translate3d; |
| + | rubbish.style['-ms-transform'] = translate3d; |
| + | rubbish.style['-o-transform'] = translate3d; |
| + | rubbish.style.transform = translate3d; |
| + | } |
| + | } |
| + | }); |
| + | $(function () { |
| + | if ($(window).width() > $(window).height()) { |
| + | $('#iphone-se').width($(window).width()) |
| + | } else { |
| + | $('#iphone-se').height($(window).height()) |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | }) |
| + | |
| + | $(window).on('scroll', function () { |
| + | let scrolled = document.documentElement.scrollTop / (document.documentElement.scrollHeight - document.documentElement.clientHeight) |
| + | |
| + | let frame = Math.ceil(scrolled * 41) |
| + | |
| + | let currentH = document.documentElement.scrollTop; |
| + | let cStart = document.getElementById("anchor1").offsetTop |
| + | let cEnd = document.getElementById("anchor2").offsetTop |
| + | if (currentH >= cStart) { |
| + | changeFrame(Math.ceil((currentH - cStart) / 2000 * 41)) |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | let currentheight = document.documentElement.scrollTop; |
| + | |
| + | let top = -(currentheight - (currentH - cStart) / 2000 * 41 - cStart) |
| + | if (top < 0) { |
| + | let topCss = "top:" + top + "px" |
| + | $("#sticky").css(topCss) |
| + | } |
| + | }) |
| + | |
| + | const loader = new PxLoader() |
| + | const img = [ |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/4/41/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_01.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/d/d5/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_02.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/b/b7/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_03.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/d/d3/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_04.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/c/c6/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_05.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/2/2c/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_06.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/0/05/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_07.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/5/5a/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_08.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/b/b3/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_09.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/0/0d/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_10.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/7/77/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_11.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/b/b7/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_12.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/e/e9/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_13.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/7/73/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_14.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/5/58/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_15.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/9/90/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_16.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/b/b1/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_17.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/0/0c/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_18.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/5/59/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_19.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/c/c7/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_20.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/3/38/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_21.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/8/88/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_22.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/2/26/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_23.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/a/a2/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_24.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/1/11/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_25.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/b/bb/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_26.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/5/50/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_27.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/f/fc/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_28.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/1/13/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_29.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/9/9b/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_30.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/4/4f/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_31.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/b/b2/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_32.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/6/68/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_33.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/9/9a/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_34.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/f/f1/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_35.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/4/4f/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_36.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/1/1f/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_37.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/d/dc/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_38.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/9/91/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_39.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/5/5b/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_40.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/6/64/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_41.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/6/64/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_41.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/6/64/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_41.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/6/64/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_41.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/6/64/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_41.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/6/64/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_41.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/6/64/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_41.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/6/64/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_41.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/6/64/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_41.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/6/64/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_41.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/6/64/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_41.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/6/64/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_41.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/6/64/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_41.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/6/64/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--falling_41.png" |
| + | ] |
| + | const images = [] |
| + | |
| + | for (let i = 0; i < img.length; i++) { |
| + | images[i] = loader.addImage(img[i]) |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | loader.addCompletionListener(function () { |
| + | let context = $('#iphone-se')[0].getContext('2d') |
| + | |
| + | $('body').addClass('loaded') |
| + | |
| + | context.drawImage(images[0], 0, 0, 1024, 587) |
| + | |
| + | }) |
| + | |
| + | loader.start() |
| + | |
| + | function changeFrame(frame) { |
| + | let index = frame - 1 |
| + | if (index < 0) index = 0 |
| + | if (index > 41) index = 41 |
| + | |
| + | let context = $('#iphone-se')[0].getContext('2d') |
| + | |
| + | context.clearRect(0, 0, 1024, 587); |
| + | |
| + | |
| + | context.drawImage(images[index], 0, 0, 1024, 587) |
| + | |
| + | } |
| + | var third = new Vue({ |
| + | el: "#third", |
| + | data: { |
| + | describe: "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/9/9e/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--MnP.png", |
| + | areaDescribe: [ |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/9/9e/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--MnP.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/f/f4/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--AAO.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/f/fc/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--HFB1.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/6/6e/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--SpyTagSpyCatcher.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/6/67/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--dCas9.png" |
| + | ], |
| + | defaultImg: { |
| + | "machineImg0": "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/3/31/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Sum1.PNG", |
| + | "machineImg1": "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/8/8b/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Sum2.PNG", |
| + | "machineImg2": "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/d/dd/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Sum3.PNG", |
| + | "machineImg3": "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/c/c2/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Sum4.PNG", |
| + | "machineImg4": "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/d/de/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Sum5.PNG", |
| + | }, |
| + | machineImg: [ |
| + | [["https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/3/31/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Sum1.PNG", "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/f/f4/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Sum1-1.PNG"], |
| + | ["https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/8/8b/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Sum2.PNG", "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/5/58/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Sum2-1.PNG"], |
| + | ["https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/d/dd/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Sum3.PNG", "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/6/62/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Sum3-1.PNG"]], |
| + | ["https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/c/c2/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Sum4.PNG", "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/0/05/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Sum4-1.PNG"], |
| + | ["https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/d/de/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Sum5.PNG", "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/f/f8/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Sum5-1.png"] |
| + | ] |
| + | }, |
| + | methods: { |
| + | moveOn(num) { |
| + | let left = "machineImg" + num |
| + | if(num<3){ |
| + | this.defaultImg[left] = this.machineImg[0][num][1] |
| + | }else{ |
| + | this.defaultImg[left] = this.machineImg[num-2][1] |
| + | } |
| + | this.describe = this.areaDescribe[num] |
| + | }, |
| + | moveLeave(num){ |
| + | let left = "machineImg" + num |
| + | if(num<3){ |
| + | this.defaultImg[left] = this.machineImg[0][num][0] |
| + | }else{ |
| + | this.defaultImg[left] = this.machineImg[num-2][0] |
| + | } |
| + | } |
| + | } |
| + | }) |
| + | var last = new Vue({ |
| + | el: "#last", |
| + | data: { |
| + | lastNum: -1, |
| + | lastImg: "", |
| + | imgHover: [ |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/5/50/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--MnPiDEC.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/1/1e/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Modeling2.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/b/b5/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--HP2.png", |
| + | "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/3/3a/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Team2.png" |
| + | ], |
| + | drugs: [ |
| + | { |
| + | url: "https://2021.igem.org/Team:CPU_CHINA/Design", |
| + | img: "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/f/fa/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Project1.png", |
| + | name: "Project", |
| + | num: 0 |
| + | }, |
| + | { |
| + | url: "https://2021.igem.org/Team:CPU_CHINA/Model", |
| + | img: "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/3/36/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Modeling1.png", |
| + | name: "Model", |
| + | num: 1 |
| + | }, |
| + | { |
| + | url: "https://2021.igem.org/Team:CPU_CHINA/Human_Practices", |
| + | img: "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/4/4c/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--HP1.png", |
| + | name: "Human Practices", |
| + | num: 2 |
| + | }, |
| + | { |
| + | url: "https://2021.igem.org/Team:CPU_CHINA/MeddyRelightMyStar", |
| + | img: "https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/d/dd/T--CPU_CHINA--Home--Team1.png", |
| + | name: "Meddy:Relight My Star", |
| + | num: 3 |
| + | } |
| + | ] |
| + | }, |
| + | methods: { |
| + | overItem(item) { |
| + | this.lastNum = item.Num |
| + | console.log(item) |
| + | this.lastImg = item.img |
| + | item.img = this.imgHover[item.num] |
| + | }, |
| + | leaveItem(item) { |
| + | item.img = this.lastImg; |
| + | } |
| + | } |
| + | }) |
| + | </script> |
| </body> | | </body> |
| | | |
| </html> | | </html> |