|
|
Line 1: |
Line 1: |
− | <!DOCTYPE html>
| + | @media (max-width: 1024px) { |
− | <html>
| + | .nav-item-accessibility { |
− | <head> | + | position: relative; |
− | <link
| + | align-items: center; |
− | href="https://2021.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Vilnius-Lithuania/styles/main&action=raw&ctype=text/css"
| + | justify-content: center; |
− | rel="stylesheet"
| + | height: 100px; |
− | type="text/css"
| + | padding: 0 7px; |
− | /> | + | cursor: pointer; |
− | <link
| + | z-index: 1; |
− | href="https://2021.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Vilnius-Lithuania/styles/fonts&action=raw&ctype=text/css"
| + | } |
− | rel="stylesheet"
| + | .nav-item-accessibility:focus-within .dropdown-menu { |
− | type="text/css"
| + | -webkit-transform: translateX(0) translateY(-8px); |
− | /> | + | -ms-transform: translateX(0) translateY(-8px); |
− | <link
| + | transform: translateX(0) translateY(-8px); |
− | href="https://2021.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Vilnius-Lithuania/styles/background&action=raw&ctype=text/css"
| + | transition: -webkit-transform 0.25s ease; |
− | rel="stylesheet"
| + | transition: -ms-transform 0.25s ease; |
− | type="text/css"
| + | transition: transform 0.25s ease; |
− | /> | + | } |
− | <link
| + | .nav-item-accessibility:focus-within .dropdown-menu-content { |
− | href="https://2021.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Vilnius-Lithuania/styles/contentpage-desktop&action=raw&ctype=text/css"
| + | display: flex !important; |
− | rel="stylesheet"
| + | } |
− | type="text/css"
| + | .nav-item-accessibility .dropdown-menu { |
− | /> | + | cursor: default; |
− | <link
| + | display: block; |
− | href="https://2021.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Vilnius-Lithuania/styles/contentpage-mobile&action=raw&ctype=text/css"
| + | background: rgba(0, 39, 51, 0.7); |
− | rel="stylesheet"
| + | color: #ffffff; |
− | type="text/css"
| + | width: 80vw; |
− | /> | + | height: 100%; |
− | <link
| + | position: fixed; |
− | href="https://2021.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Vilnius-Lithuania/styles/sideindex-desktop&action=raw&ctype=text/css"
| + | right: 0; |
− | rel="stylesheet"
| + | -webkit-transform: translateX(110%) translateY(-8px); |
− | type="text/css"
| + | -ms-transform: translateX(110%) translateY(-8px); |
− | /> | + | transform: translateX(110%) translateY(-8px); |
− | <link
| + | transition: -webkit-transform 0.25s ease; |
− | href="https://2021.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Vilnius-Lithuania/styles/sideindex-mobile&action=raw&ctype=text/css"
| + | transition: -ms-transform 0.25s ease; |
− | rel="stylesheet"
| + | transition: transform 0.25s ease; |
− | type="text/css"
| + | } |
− | /> | + | .nav-item-accessibility .dropdown-menu:before { |
− | <link
| + | z-index: -1; |
− | href="https://2021.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Vilnius-Lithuania/styles/navbar&action=raw&ctype=text/css"
| + | content: ''; |
− | rel="stylesheet"
| + | position: absolute; |
− | type="text/css"
| + | height: 100%; |
− | />
| + | width: 100%; |
− | <link
| + | -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(80px); |
− | href="https://2021.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Vilnius-Lithuania/styles/navmenu-desktop&action=raw&ctype=text/css"
| + | backdrop-filter: blur(80px); |
− | rel="stylesheet"
| + | } |
− | type="text/css"
| + | .nav-item-accessibility .dropdown-menu .dropdown-menu-content { |
− | />
| + | padding: 14px 64px; |
− | <link
| + | display: none; |
− | href="https://2021.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Vilnius-Lithuania/styles/navmenu-mobile&action=raw&ctype=text/css"
| + | flex-direction: column; |
− | rel="stylesheet"
| + | align-items: center; |
− | type="text/css"
| + | } |
− | />
| + | .nav-item-accessibility .dropdown-menu .breaker { |
− | <link
| + | width: 90%; |
− | href="https://2021.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Vilnius-Lithuania/styles/accesibility-menu-desktop&action=raw&ctype=text/css"
| + | height: 1px; |
− | rel="stylesheet"
| + | background-color: #000000; |
− | type="text/css"
| + | margin: 21px 0px; |
− | /> | + | } |
− | <link
| + | .nav-item-accessibility .dropdown-menu .item { |
− | href="https://2021.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Vilnius-Lithuania/styles/accesibility-menu-mobile&action=raw&ctype=text/css"
| + | display: flex; |
− | rel="stylesheet"
| + | align-items: center; |
− | type="text/css"
| + | justify-content: space-around; |
− | /> | + | height: 38px; |
− | <link
| + | width: 100%; |
− | href="https://2021.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Vilnius-Lithuania/styles/button-pill&action=raw&ctype=text/css"
| + | background-color: #FCCEC0; |
− | rel="stylesheet"
| + | margin: 18px 0px; |
− | type="text/css"
| + | height: 70px; |
− | />
| + | color: black; |
− | <link
| + | padding: 20px 11px; |
− | href="https://2021.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Vilnius-Lithuania/styles/footer&action=raw&ctype=text/css"
| + | border-radius: 10px; |
− | rel="stylesheet"
| + | } |
− | type="text/css"
| + | |
− | /> | + | .nav-item-accessibility .dropdown-menu .item .icon img { |
− | <link
| + | width: 44px; |
− | href="https://2021.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Vilnius-Lithuania/styles/table&action=raw&ctype=text/css"
| + | height: 44px; |
− | rel="stylesheet"
| + | } |
− | type="text/css"
| + | |
− | /> | + | .nav-item-accessibility .dropdown-menu .item .button { |
− | <link
| + | display: flex; |
− | href="https://2021.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Vilnius-Lithuania/styles/bypass-block&action=raw&ctype=text/css"
| + | align-items: center; |
− | rel="stylesheet"
| + | justify-content: center; |
− | type="text/css"
| + | cursor: pointer; |
− | /> | + | } |
− | <script type="text/x-mathjax-config">
| + | .nav-item-accessibility .dropdown-menu .item .text { |
− | MathJax.Hub.Config({ TeX: { equationNumbers: { autoNumber: "AMS" } } });
| + | display: flex; |
− | </script> | + | flex-direction: column; |
− | <script src="https://2021.igem.org/common/MathJax-2.5-latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script>
| + | align-items: flex-start; |
− | </head> | + | justify-content: space-around; |
− | <body> | + | height: 100%; |
− | <div class="navbar-container">
| + | } |
− | <nav class="navbar">
| + | .nav-item-accessibility .dropdown-menu .item .text .title { |
− | <a class="navbar-logo" href="/Team:Vilnius-Lithuania">
| + | font-style: normal; |
− | <img alt="AmebyeLogo" src="../assets/logos/amebyeLogo.svg" /> AmeBye
| + | font-weight: 400; |
− | </a>
| + | font-size: 24px; |
− | <ul class="nav-menu"></ul>
| + | line-height: 22px; |
− | </nav>
| + | } |
− | <div class="progress-container"><div class="progress-bar"></div></div>
| + | .nav-item-accessibility .dropdown-menu .item .text .subtitle { |
− | </div> | + | font-style: normal; |
− | <div class="background">
| + | font-weight: 400; |
− | <canvas id="background-canvas"></canvas>
| + | font-size: 20px; |
− | <canvas id="canvas-transition"></canvas>
| + | line-height: 15px; |
− | <div class="app-header">
| + | } |
− | <h1 id="title">MODEL</h1>
| + | .nav-icon { |
− | <div class="app-header-image-wrapper" id="img">
| + | height: 100px; |
− | <img
| + | display: flex; |
− | alt="Header"
| + | align-items: center; |
− | src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2021/f/ff/T--Vilnius-Lithuania--Excellence.jpg"
| + | position: relative; |
− | />
| + | z-index: 2; |
− | </div>
| + | margin-right: 18px; |
− | </div>
| + | } |
− | <div class="app-content" id="main-content">
| + | .nav-icon .nav-icon-img { |
− | <div class="app-content-text">
| + | position: relative; |
− | <div class="content-page-container">
| + | z-index: 2; |
− | <h3 class="index-headline">Motivation</h3>
| + | height: 54px; |
− | <p>
| + | width: 54px; |
− | We engineered a metabolic pathway for naringenin production in
| + | } |
− | <i>E. coli Nissle 1917</i> in order to produce the probiotics for
| + | .nav-icon .nav-icon-dropdown { |
− | the prevention part of our project. We performed mathematical
| + | display: none; |
− | analysis in order to expedite the engineering process by deciding
| + | } |
− | what promoters to use based on the model for the pathway we
| + | } |
− | derived.
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <h3 class="index-headline">Derivation</h3>
| + | |
− | <p>
| + | |
− | Creating a model that would be able to accurately estimate the
| + | |
− | amount of naringenin produced by the pathway is an infeasible task
| + | |
− | before doing any practical experiments. However, we are able to
| + | |
− | write down a simple model with which we could study the speed of
| + | |
− | the reactions and that would help us decide on the strength of
| + | |
− | promoters that should be used.
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p>
| + | |
− | To this end, we use the staple of modeling in synthetic biology:
| + | |
− | Michaelis–Menten kinetics. That is we model the following type of
| + | |
− | enzymatic reaction: $$[E] + [S] \leftrightarrows [ES] \rightarrow
| + | |
− | [E] + [P],$$ with differential equations: $$\frac{d [P]}{dt} =
| + | |
− | k_{cat}[E]\frac{[P]}{K_m + [P]},$$ $$\frac{d [S]}{dt} =
| + | |
− | -k_{cat}[E]\frac{[P]}{K_m + [P]},$$ here \([E]\), \([S]\), \([P]\)
| + | |
− | are the concentrations of enzyme, substrate and product
| + | |
− | respectively (and \([x]\) is going to denote the concentration of
| + | |
− | species \(x\) in all that follows), \(k_{cat}\) is a constant
| + | |
− | called the turnover number and \(K_m\) is a constant that is
| + | |
− | called Michaelis constant.
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p>
| + | |
− | In order to model the concentration of mRNA and enzymes, we use
| + | |
− | the following differential equations: $$\frac{d[mRNA]}{dt} =
| + | |
− | \alpha_{mRNA} - \beta_{mRNA}[mRNA],$$ $$\frac{d[Enzyme]}{dt} =
| + | |
− | \alpha_{enzyme}[mRNA] - \beta_{enzyme}[Enzyme],$$ here \(\beta\)’s
| + | |
− | denote the decay rates, \(\alpha_{mRNA}\) denotes the
| + | |
− | transcription rate and \(\alpha_{enzyme}\) denotes the translation
| + | |
− | rate.
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p>
| + | |
− | Our team measured the strengths of candidate promoters relative to
| + | |
− | each other. In other words, we measured how many times a specific
| + | |
− | promoter is stronger or weaker than the promoter that was used as
| + | |
− | the positive control, as can be seen from <b>Table 1</b>.
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p>
| + | |
− | We would like this measurement to be reflected in our model. Thus,
| + | |
− | we denote some base transcription rate (specified later) as
| + | |
− | \(\zeta\) and write: $$\alpha_{mRNA} = \gamma_{mRNA}\zeta.$$
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p>
| + | |
− | Now, our goal is to model the pathway depicted in <b>Figure 1</b>.
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <div class="figure-container">
| + | |
− | <img
| + | |
− | alt=""
| + | |
− | id="Naringenin-pathway-figure"
| + | |
− | src="../assets/images/T--Vilnius-Lithuania--Naringenin_synthesis.png"
| + | |
− | />
| + | |
− | <div><b>Fig. 1.</b> Naringenin synthesis pathway.</div>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <p>
| + | |
− | The pathway can be expressed by the following chemical reactions:
| + | |
− | \begin{equation} \emptyset \rightarrow mRNA(TAL) \rightarrow
| + | |
− | \emptyset, \end{equation} \begin{equation} \emptyset \rightarrow
| + | |
− | mRNA(4CL) \rightarrow \emptyset, \end{equation} \begin{equation}
| + | |
− | \emptyset \rightarrow mRNA(CHS) \rightarrow \emptyset,
| + | |
− | \end{equation} \begin{equation} \emptyset \rightarrow mRNA(CHI)
| + | |
− | \rightarrow \emptyset, \end{equation} \begin{equation} mRNA(TAL)
| + | |
− | \rightarrow mRNA(TAL) + TAL, \end{equation} \begin{equation} TAL
| + | |
− | \rightarrow \emptyset, \end{equation} \begin{equation} mRNA(4CL)
| + | |
− | \rightarrow mRNA(4CL) + 4CL, \end{equation} \begin{equation} 4CL
| + | |
− | \rightarrow \emptyset, \end{equation} \begin{equation} mRNA(CHS)
| + | |
− | \rightarrow mRNA(CHS) + CHS, \end{equation} \begin{equation} CHS
| + | |
− | \rightarrow \emptyset, \end{equation} \begin{equation} mRNA(CHI)
| + | |
− | \rightarrow mRNA(CHI) + CHI, \end{equation} \begin{equation} CHI
| + | |
− | \rightarrow \emptyset, \end{equation} $$TYR + TAL \rightarrow
| + | |
− | CACID + TAL,$$ $$CACID + 4CL + CoA \rightarrow CCoA + 4CL,$$
| + | |
− | $$CCoA + CHS + 3 \times MalCoA \rightarrow NCHAL + CHS + 4 \times
| + | |
− | CoA,$$ $$NCHAL + CHI \rightarrow NAR + CHI,$$ $$NAR \rightarrow
| + | |
− | \emptyset.$$
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p>
| + | |
− | If we assume that there is an infinite (or alternatively very
| + | |
− | large) amount of tyrosine, CoA and Mal-CoA (if we wished to model
| + | |
− | the amount of naringenin produced, then assumption that the
| + | |
− | concentration of Mal-CoA is infinite would be incorrect as this
| + | |
− | seems to be the major bottleneck of the pathway. However here we
| + | |
− | only wish to study the reaction speeds, thus we believe that the
| + | |
− | assumption is valid for this purpose), we can model these
| + | |
− | reactions by the following system of differential equations:
| + | |
− | \begin{equation} \frac{d(TAL)}{dt} = \gamma_{TAL}\zeta -
| + | |
− | \beta_{m(TAL)}(TAL), \end{equation} \begin{equation}
| + | |
− | \frac{d(4CL)}{dt} = \gamma_{4CL}\zeta - \beta_{m(4CL)}(4CL),
| + | |
− | \end{equation} \begin{equation} \frac{d(CHS)}{dt} =
| + | |
− | \gamma_{CHS}\zeta - \beta_{m(CHS)}(CHS), \end{equation}
| + | |
− | \begin{equation} \frac{d(CHI)}{dt} = \gamma_{CHI}\zeta -
| + | |
− | \beta_{m(CHI)}(CHI), \end{equation} \begin{equation}
| + | |
− | \frac{d[TAL]}{dt} = \alpha_{TAL}(TAL) - \beta_{TAL}[TAL],
| + | |
− | \end{equation} \begin{equation} \frac{d[4CL]}{dt} =
| + | |
− | \alpha_{4CL}(4CL) - \beta_{4CL}[4CL], \end{equation}
| + | |
− | \begin{equation} \frac{d[CHS]}{dt} = \alpha_{CHS}(CHS) -
| + | |
− | \beta_{CHS}[CHS], \end{equation} \begin{equation}
| + | |
− | \frac{d[CHI]}{dt} = \alpha_{CHI}(CHI) - \beta_{CHI}[CHI],
| + | |
− | \end{equation} $$\frac{d[CACID]}{dt} = k_{TAL}[TAL] -
| + | |
− | k_{4CL}[4CL]\frac{[CACID]}{K_{4CL} + [CACID]},$$
| + | |
− | $$\frac{d[CCoA]}{dt} = k_{4CL}[4CL]\frac{[CACID]}{K_{4CL} +
| + | |
− | [CACID]} - k_{CHS}[CHS]\frac{[CCoA]}{K_{CHS} + [CCoA]},$$
| + | |
− | $$\frac{d[NCHAL]}{dt} = k_{CHS}[CHS]\frac{[CCoA]}{K_{CHS} +
| + | |
− | [CCoA]} - k_{CHI}[CHI]\frac{[NCHAL]}{K_{CHI} + [NCHAL]},$$
| + | |
− | $$\frac{d[NCHAL]}{dt} = k_{CHI}[CHI]\frac{[NCHAL]}{K_{CHI} +
| + | |
− | [NCHAL]} - \beta_{NAR}[NAR],$$ here \((x)\) denotes \([mRNA(x)]\),
| + | |
− | small \(k\)’s denote the appropriate turnover numbers and big
| + | |
− | \(K\)’s denote the appropriate Michaelis constants.
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p>
| + | |
− | This model is overly complicated for our purposes. We can reduce
| + | |
− | it by noting that the reactions \((1) - (12)\) happen on a faster
| + | |
− | time scale then the rest. Therefore, we can assume that the
| + | |
− | reactions \((1) - (12)\) are in the steady state for the entirety
| + | |
− | of the process. With this assumption we have additional
| + | |
− | conditions: \begin{equation} \frac{d(TAL)}{dt} = 0, \end{equation}
| + | |
− | \begin{equation} \frac{d(4CL)}{dt} = 0, \end{equation}
| + | |
− | \begin{equation} \frac{d(CHS)}{dt} = 0, \end{equation}
| + | |
− | \begin{equation} \frac{d(CHI)}{dt} = 0, \end{equation}
| + | |
− | \begin{equation} \frac{d[TAL]}{dt} = 0, \end{equation}
| + | |
− | \begin{equation} \frac{d[4CL]}{dt} = 0, \end{equation}
| + | |
− | \begin{equation} \frac{d[CHS]}{dt} = 0, \end{equation}
| + | |
− | \begin{equation} \frac{d[CHI]}{dt} = 0. \end{equation}
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p>
| + | |
− | By combining \((13)-(16)\) with \((21)-(24)\) we get $$(x) =
| + | |
− | \frac{\gamma\zeta}{\beta_{mRNA}},$$ and then by combining
| + | |
− | \((17)-(20)\) with \((25)-(28)\) we get $$[x] =
| + | |
− | \frac{\alpha\gamma\zeta}{\beta_{mRNA}\beta_{enzyme}}.$$
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p>
| + | |
− | We can additionally assume that translation rates and decay rates
| + | |
− | of mRNA and enzyme are similar for different species. Then by
| + | |
− | taking the base transcription rate \(\zeta\) such that
| + | |
− | $$\frac{\alpha\zeta}{\beta_{mRNA}\beta_{enzyme}}$$ is equal to 1
| + | |
− | we can reduce the original model to a simpler model with less
| + | |
− | equations: $$\frac{d[CACID]}{dt} = k_{TAL}\gamma_{TAL} -
| + | |
− | k_{4CL}\gamma_{4CL}\frac{[CACID]}{K_{4CL} + [CACID]},$$
| + | |
− | $$\frac{d[CCoA]}{dt} = k_{4CL}\gamma_{4CL}\frac{[CACID]}{K_{4CL} +
| + | |
− | [CACID]} - k_{CHS}\gamma_{CHS}\frac{[CCoA]}{K_{CHS} + [CCoA]},$$
| + | |
− | $$\frac{d[NCHAL]}{dt} = k_{CHS}\gamma_{CHS}\frac{[CCoA]}{K_{CHS} +
| + | |
− | [CCoA]} - k_{CHI}\gamma_{CHI}\frac{[NCHAL]}{K_{CHI} + [NCHAL]},$$
| + | |
− | $$\frac{d[NAR]}{dt} = k_{CHI}\gamma_{CHI}\frac{[NCHAL]}{K_{CHI} +
| + | |
− | [NCHAL]} - \beta_{NAR}[NAR].$$
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <h3 class="index-headline">Analysis</h3>
| + | |
− | <p>
| + | |
− | We see that in the steady state we have $$[NAR] =
| + | |
− | \frac{k_{TAL}\gamma_{TAL}}{\beta_{NAR}}.$$ This makes intuitive
| + | |
− | sense - the more substrate one puts in, the more product one
| + | |
− | expects to get. However, the steady-state might take an exorbitant
| + | |
− | amount of time to reach depending on the parameters. Thus, we
| + | |
− | decided to study the system after simulating it for 16 hours
| + | |
− | (taking the initial concentrations of all proteins in the pathway
| + | |
− | to be 0) as these are the timescales that the performance of the
| + | |
− | engineered pathway would be measured in.
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p>
| + | |
− | Next, we researched the literature to compile probable values for
| + | |
− | turnover numbers and Michaelis constants. We came up with the
| + | |
− | following figures:
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <div class="table-container">
| + | |
− | <div><b>Table 2</b><b>.</b> Turnover numbers (\(k_{cat}\)).</div>
| + | |
− | <table class="table table-bordered table-hover table-condensed">
| + | |
− | <thead>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <th>Enzyme</th>
| + | |
− | <th>Values (1/s)</th>
| + | |
− | <th>Average (1/s)</th>
| + | |
− | <th>Reference</th>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | </thead>
| + | |
− | <tbody>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>Tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>107</td>
| + | |
− | <td>119</td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[1]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>114</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[1]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>115</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[1]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>139</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[1]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.2163</td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.3354</td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[2]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.2205</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[2]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.7821</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[2]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.1225</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[2]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>Chalcone synthase (CHS)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.045</td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.0575</td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[3]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.178</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[4]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.11</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[4]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.085</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[4]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.05</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[4]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.0202</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[5]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.0167</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[6]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.042</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[7]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.007</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[7]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.021</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[8]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>Chalcone isomerase (CHI)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>5</td>
| + | |
− | <td>89.5</td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[9]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>7.8</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[9]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>9.6</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[9]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>35.2</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[9]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>56.9</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[9]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>130.3</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[9]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>134.7</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[9]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>197.7</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[9]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>228.2</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[9]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | </tbody>
| + | |
− | </table>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <div class="table-container">
| + | |
− | <div><b>Table 3</b><b>.</b> Michaelis constants (\(K_{M}\)).</div>
| + | |
− | <table class="table table-bordered table-hover table-condensed">
| + | |
− | <thead>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <th>Enzyme</th>
| + | |
− | <th>Values (mM)</th>
| + | |
− | <th>Average (mM)</th>
| + | |
− | <th>Reference</th>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | </thead>
| + | |
− | <tbody>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.389</td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.276</td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[2]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.155</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[2]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.283</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[2]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>Chalcone synthase (CHS)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.0049</td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.0049</td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[7]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>Chalcone isomerase (CHI)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.0024</td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.007</td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[9]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.0048</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[9]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.0048</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[9]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.0061</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[9]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.007</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[9]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.0085</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[9]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.0086</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[9]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.0099</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[9]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td>0.0105</td>
| + | |
− | <td></td>
| + | |
− | <td><b>[9]</b></td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | </tbody>
| + | |
− | </table>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <p>
| + | |
− | From <b>Table 1</b> we see that the reaction producing naringenin
| + | |
− | chalcone seems to be around 10 times slower than the second
| + | |
− | slowest one in the pathway. This makes sense since this is a
| + | |
− | sequential reaction involving 4 molecules. Seeing this, we
| + | |
− | hypothesized that this reaction is the major bottleneck of the
| + | |
− | pathway. That is, the only parameters that have a major impact on
| + | |
− | the output of the model are \(k_{CHS}\) and \(\gamma_{CHS}\).
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <p>
| + | |
− | We validated this hypothesis by performing a simple sensitivity
| + | |
− | analysis as follows:
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <ol>
| + | |
− | <li>
| + | |
− | Generate 10000 samples of parameter values by uniformly sampling
| + | |
− | from the intervals detailed in <b>Table 4</b>. (The average
| + | |
− | value for \(\beta_{NAR}\) was derived from <b>[10]</b>).
| + | |
− | </li>
| + | |
− | <li>
| + | |
− | Simulate the model with generated random parameters for 16 hours
| + | |
− | and save the concentration of naringenin.
| + | |
− | </li>
| + | |
− | <li>
| + | |
− | Compute the correlation coefficients between the parameters and
| + | |
− | concentration of naringenin.
| + | |
− | </li>
| + | |
− | </ol>
| + | |
− | <div class="table-container">
| + | |
− | <div>
| + | |
− | <b>Table 4</b><b>.</b> Parameter values used in sensitivity
| + | |
− | analysis.
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <table class="table table-bordered table-hover table-condensed">
| + | |
− | <thead>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <th>Parameter</th>
| + | |
− | <th>Value range</th>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | </thead>
| + | |
− | <tbody>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>\(\gamma_{TAL}\)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>\(0.33 - 3\)</td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>\(\gamma_{4CL}\)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>\(0.33 - 3\)</td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>\(\gamma_{CHS}\)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>\(0.33 - 3\)</td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>\(\gamma_{CHI}\)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>\(0.33 - 3\)</td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>\(\beta_{NAR}\)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>
| + | |
− | \(3.6\mathrm{e}{-5} \pm 3.6\mathrm{e}{-6} \: (1/s)\)
| + | |
− | </td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>\(k_{TAL}\)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>\(119 \pm 11.9 \: (1/s)\)</td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>\(k_{4CL}\)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>\(0.3354 \pm 0.034 \: (1/s)\)</td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>\(k_{CHS}\)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>\(0.0575 \pm 0.006 \: (1/s)\)</td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>\(k_{CHI}\)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>\(89.5 \pm 8.95 \: (1/s)\)</td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>\(K_{4CL}\)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>\(0.276 \pm 0.028 \: (mM)\)</td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>\(K_{CHS}\)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>\(0.0049 \pm 0.0005 \: (mM)\)</td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>\(K_{CHI}\)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>\(0.007 \pm 0.0007 \: (mM)\)</td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | </tbody>
| + | |
− | </table>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <p>
| + | |
− | The results of sensitivity analysis are presented in
| + | |
− | <b>Table 5</b>.
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <div class="table-container">
| + | |
− | <div><b>Table 5</b><b>.</b> Results of sensitivity analysis.</div>
| + | |
− | <table class="table table-bordered table-hover table-condensed">
| + | |
− | <thead>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <th>Parameter</th>
| + | |
− | <th>Correlation coefficient</th>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | </thead>
| + | |
− | <tbody>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>\(\gamma_{TAL}\)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>\(0.0242\)</td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>\(\gamma_{4CL}\)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>\(0.0339\)</td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>\(\gamma_{CHS}\)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>\(0.9833\)</td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>\(\gamma_{CHI}\)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>\(0.0008\)</td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>\(\beta_{NAR}\)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>\(-0.0938\)</td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>\(k_{TAL}\)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>\(-0.0113\)</td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>\(k_{4CL}\)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>\(0.0041\)</td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>\(k_{CHS}\)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>\(0.1042\)</td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>\(k_{CHI}\)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>\(-0.0009\)</td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>\(K_{4CL}\)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>\(-0.0161\)</td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>\(K_{CHS}\)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>\(-0.0199\)</td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | <tr>
| + | |
− | <td>\(K_{CHI}\)</td>
| + | |
− | <td>\(-0.0096\)</td>
| + | |
− | </tr>
| + | |
− | </tbody>
| + | |
− | </table>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <p>
| + | |
− | The sensitivity analysis confirmed our hypothesis. We note that it
| + | |
− | also showed that another important parameter is the decay rate of
| + | |
− | naringenin.
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | <h3 class="index-headline">Conclusion</h3>
| + | |
− | <p>
| + | |
− | We derived a simple mathematical model for the naringenin pathway
| + | |
− | that our team wanted to implement <i>in vivo</i>. By performing
| + | |
− | sensitivity analysis, we determined that the reaction which turns
| + | |
− | Coumaryl-CoA to naringenin, chalcone synthase is the bottleneck of
| + | |
− | the naringenin synthesis process. Thus we decided to use a pSlpA
| + | |
− | that we noticed by analysing possible promoters for
| + | |
− | <i>E.coli</i> and <i>L.paracasei</i> . Furthermore, BBa_J23101,
| + | |
− | also known as one from the Anderson's collection promoter, was
| + | |
− | compared and picked up for other naringenin pathway protein
| + | |
− | expression ().
| + | |
− | </p>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <div class="references-wrapper">
| + | |
− | <div class="breaker"></div>
| + | |
− | <h2>References</h2>
| + | |
− | <div class="references-container">
| + | |
− | <div class="number">1.</div>
| + | |
− | <div>
| + | |
− | Zhou, S., Liu, P., Chen, J., Du, G., Li, H., Zhou, J. (2016).
| + | |
− | Characterization of mutants of a tyrosine ammonia-lyase from
| + | |
− | Rhodotorula glutinis. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 100,
| + | |
− | 10443-10452.
| + | |
− | <a href="https://www.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27401923"
| + | |
− | >To the article.</a
| + | |
− | >
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <div class="number">2.</div>
| + | |
− | <div>
| + | |
− | Gao, S., Yu, H. N., Xu, R. X., Cheng, A. X., & Lou, H. X.
| + | |
− | (2015). Cloning and functional characterization of a 4-coumarate
| + | |
− | CoA ligase from liverwort Plagiochasma appendiculatum.
| + | |
− | Phytochemistry, 111, 48–58.
| + | |
− | <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25593011/"
| + | |
− | >To the article.</a
| + | |
− | >
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <div class="number">3.</div>
| + | |
− | <div>
| + | |
− | Guo, H.-L., Yang, Y.-D., Ma, Y.-D., Liu, W.-B., Feng, J., Luo,
| + | |
− | Z.-Q., … Ma, L.-Q. (2016). A bifunctional type III polyketide
| + | |
− | synthase from raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) with both chalcone
| + | |
− | synthase and benzalacetone synthase activity. Journal of Plant
| + | |
− | Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 26(1), 80–90.
| + | |
− | <a
| + | |
− | href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13562-016-0365-7"
| + | |
− | >To the article.</a
| + | |
− | >
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <div class="number">4.</div>
| + | |
− | <div>
| + | |
− | Shen, Y., Li, X., Chai, T., & Wang, H. (2016). Outer-sphere
| + | |
− | residues influence the catalytic activity of a chalcone synthase
| + | |
− | from Polygonum cuspidatum. FEBS open bio, 6(6), 610–618.
| + | |
− | <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27419064/"
| + | |
− | >To the article.</a
| + | |
− | >
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <div class="number">5.</div>
| + | |
− | <div>
| + | |
− | Stewart, C., Jr, Woods, K., Macias, G., Allan, A. C., Hellens,
| + | |
− | R. P., & Noel, J. P. (2017). Molecular architectures of
| + | |
− | benzoic acid-specific type III polyketide synthases. Acta
| + | |
− | crystallographica. Section D, Structural biology, 73(Pt 12),
| + | |
− | 1007–1019.
| + | |
− | <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29199980/"
| + | |
− | >To the article.</a
| + | |
− | >
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <div class="number">6.</div>
| + | |
− | <div>
| + | |
− | Abe, I., Watanabe, T., & Noguchi, H. (2004). Enzymatic
| + | |
− | formation of long-chain polyketide pyrones by plant type III
| + | |
− | polyketide synthases. Phytochemistry, 65(17), 2447–2453.
| + | |
− | <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15381408/"
| + | |
− | >To the article.</a
| + | |
− | >
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <div class="number">7.</div>
| + | |
− | <div>
| + | |
− | Liu, B., Falkenstein-Paul, H., Schmidt, W., & Beerhues, L.
| + | |
− | (2003). Benzophenone synthase and chalcone synthase from
| + | |
− | Hypericum androsaemum cell cultures: cDNA cloning, functional
| + | |
− | expression, and site-directed mutagenesis of two polyketide
| + | |
− | synthases. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology,
| + | |
− | 34(6), 847–855.
| + | |
− | <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12795704/"
| + | |
− | >To the article.</a
| + | |
− | >
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <div class="number">8.</div>
| + | |
− | <div>
| + | |
− | Morita, H., Takahashi, Y., Noguchi, H., & Abe, I. (2000).
| + | |
− | Enzymatic formation of unnatural aromatic polyketides by
| + | |
− | chalcone synthase. Biochemical and biophysical research
| + | |
− | communications, 279(1), 190–195.
| + | |
− | <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11112437/"
| + | |
− | >To the article.</a
| + | |
− | >
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <div class="number">9.</div>
| + | |
− | <div>
| + | |
− | Park, S. H., Lee, C. W., Cho, S. M., Lee, H., Park, H., Lee, J.,
| + | |
− | & Lee, J. H. (2018). Crystal structure and enzymatic
| + | |
− | properties of chalcone isomerase from the Antarctic vascular
| + | |
− | plant Deschampsia antarctica Desv. PloS one, 13(2), e0192415.
| + | |
− | <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29394293/"
| + | |
− | >To the article.</a
| + | |
− | >
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <div class="number">10.</div>
| + | |
− | <div>
| + | |
− | Kanaze, F. I., Bounartzi, M. I., Georgarakis, M., & Niopas,
| + | |
− | I. (2006). Pharmacokinetics of the citrus flavanone aglycones
| + | |
− | hesperetin and naringenin after single oral administration in
| + | |
− | human subjects. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 61(4),
| + | |
− | 472–477.
| + | |
− | <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/1602543"
| + | |
− | >To the article.</a
| + | |
− | >
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <div class="index-container">
| + | |
− | <div class="index-header"></div>
| + | |
− | <div class="index-content"></div>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <footer>
| + | |
− | <div class="logo-igem">
| + | |
− | <object
| + | |
− | data="../assets/logos/T--Vilnius-Lithuania--iGEM-2021.svg"
| + | |
− | ></object>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <div class="social-container">
| + | |
− | <div>FOLLOW US</div>
| + | |
− | <div>
| + | |
− | <a
| + | |
− | class="placeholder-social-icon"
| + | |
− | href="https://www.facebook.com/VilniusiGEM"
| + | |
− | >
| + | |
− | <img src="../assets/icons/facebook.svg" />
| + | |
− | </a>
| + | |
− | <a
| + | |
− | class="placeholder-social-icon"
| + | |
− | href="https://www.instagram.com/igem_vilnius/"
| + | |
− | >
| + | |
− | <img src="../assets/icons/instagram.svg" />
| + | |
− | </a>
| + | |
− | <a
| + | |
− | class="placeholder-social-icon"
| + | |
− | href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/vilnius-igem/"
| + | |
− | >
| + | |
− | <img src="../assets/icons/linkedin.svg" />
| + | |
− | </a>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <div class="mail-container">
| + | |
− | <div>CONTACT US</div>
| + | |
− | <a href="mailto:info@vilniusigem.lt">info@vilniusigem.lt</a>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <div class="grid-sponsors">
| + | |
− | <div>
| + | |
− | <div>
| + | |
− | <object
| + | |
− | data="../assets/logos/T--Vilnius-Lithuania--VU.svg"
| + | |
− | ></object>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <div>
| + | |
− | <object
| + | |
− | data="../assets/logos/T--Vilnius-Lithuania--Termofisher.svg"
| + | |
− | ></object>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <div>
| + | |
− | <object data="../assets/logos/CityOfVilnius.svg"></object>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <div>
| + | |
− | <div>
| + | |
− | <object
| + | |
− | data="../assets/logos/T--Vilnius-Lithuania--GMC.svg"
| + | |
− | ></object>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <div>
| + | |
− | <object
| + | |
− | data="../assets/logos/T--Vilnius-Lithuania--Nanodiagnostika.svg"
| + | |
− | ></object>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <div>
| + | |
− | <object
| + | |
− | data="../assets/logos/T--Vilnius-Lithuania--Telesoftas.svg"
| + | |
− | ></object>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <div>
| + | |
− | <object
| + | |
− | data="../assets/logos/T--Vilnius-Lithuania--Kopicentras.svg"
| + | |
− | ></object>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <div>
| + | |
− | <div>
| + | |
− | <object
| + | |
− | data="../assets/logos/T--Vilnius-Lithuania--SnapGene.svg"
| + | |
− | ></object>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <div>
| + | |
− | <object
| + | |
− | data="../assets/logos/T--Vilnius-Lithuania--Laborama.svg"
| + | |
− | ></object>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <div>
| + | |
− | <object
| + | |
− | data="../assets/logos/T--Vilnius-Lithuania--Biotecha.svg"
| + | |
− | ></object>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | <div>
| + | |
− | <object
| + | |
− | data="../assets/logos/T--Vilnius-Lithuania--Grida.svg"
| + | |
− | ></object>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
− | </footer>
| + | |
− | </div> | + | |
− | <script | + | |
− | src="https://2021.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Vilnius-Lithuania/scripts/navigationTabs&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript"
| + | |
− | type="text/javascript"
| + | |
− | ></script> | + | |
− | <script | + | |
− | src="https://2021.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Vilnius-Lithuania/scripts/background&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript"
| + | |
− | type="text/javascript"
| + | |
− | ></script> | + | |
− | <script
| + | |
− | src="https://2021.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Vilnius-Lithuania/scripts/contentpage&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript"
| + | |
− | type="text/javascript"
| + | |
− | ></script> | + | |
− | <script | + | |
− | src="https://2021.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Vilnius-Lithuania/scripts/navbar&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript"
| + | |
− | type="text/javascript"
| + | |
− | ></script> | + | |
− | <script> | + | |
− | contentPage( "Sections", true, 300, )
| + | |
− | </script>
| + | |
− | <script
| + | |
− | src="https://2021.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Vilnius-Lithuania/scripts/GlslCanvas&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript"
| + | |
− | type="text/javascript"
| + | |
− | ></script> | + | |
− | <script
| + | |
− | src="https://2021.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Vilnius-Lithuania/scripts/backgroundTransition&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript"
| + | |
− | type="text/javascript"
| + | |
− | ></script>
| + | |
− | </body> | + | |
− | </html>
| + | |